PREGNANCY DIABETES!
The frequency of pregnancy-related diabetes is increasing all over the world. One out of every seven births has diabetes due to pregnancy.
Half of women with pregnancy-related diabetes will have type 2 diabetes later in life. Sedentary Lifestyle, Changes in Eating Habits and Increased Obesity Frequency are among the main causes of pregnancy-related diabetes.
Blood sugar levels of women with pregnancy-related diabetes are higher than normal. Insulin hormone helps regulate blood sugar levels by helping food intake to enter the cells in the muscle, liver and adipose tissue. During pregnancy, insulin is needed more, but hormonal changes can make cells less sensitive to insulin. Normally, when the blood sugar level rises, the pancreas secretes more insulin, but pregnancy-related diabetes occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to control the blood sugar level. Risk factors for gestational diabetes are women who have previously had diabetes, obese, first-degree relatives, and living in the Middle East.
The World Health Organization is responsible for 24-28 of all women with risk factors for pregnancy-related diabetes. recommend oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This test before the 75 gr. glucose-containing beverage, 1 and 2 hours after the blood sugar is measured. If the limit is exceeded, pregnancy-related diabetes is diagnosed.
Pregnancy-related diabetes can have medical effects on the mother and the baby. Glucose passes through the placenta, causing the fetus to overgrow. This may cause birth difficulties and birth-related diseases. Pregnancy-related diabetes can be life-threatening if left untreated.
TREATMENT
In at least half of the cases, normal blood sugar level is maintained by diet alone. The main goals are to get enough food for the mother and fetus, to gain enough weight for the mother, to maintain normal blood sugar levels and to avoid starvation. The diet should be tailored to the patient. Daily calories should be arranged as three main meals and three snacks.
It should consist of 45 carbohydrates, 20 proteins and 35 fats. 10 of your daily calorie needs should be given at breakfast, 30 at noon, 40 at evening and 20 at breaks.
Exercise, hunger and satiety reduce blood sugar. Reduces the need for insulin and improves cardiovascular performance. Less than 1 hour of exercise is safe for the fetus. Exercise should not be performed in case of hypertension and threat of miscarriage.
Do not exercise in supine position. The most appropriate type of exercise is the upper extremity and gait.
Insulin treatment is given when blood sugar is high despite diet and exercise.
Insulin Mortality in diabetic pregnancies before discovery was in the 30s and infant mortality in the 90s. Treatment goals are to reduce Fetal and Maternal Mortality and Morbidity by maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Postprandial blood glucose is the most powerful indicator of fetal macrosomia (overweight gain) and follow-up is also important.
OGTT is given by drinking 75 grams of sugary water in the sixth week after the birth (sugar loading test). Women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance as a result of the test should be subjected to dietary exercise and lifestyle changes and annual controls for diabetes development should be performed. The children of these mothers should be monitored for obesity and diabetes.
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