What is Bed Sores and Wound Care?
Bed sores are the result of impaired circulation in the soft tissues on the bone protrusions, which are usually subjected to pressure in the body. Although bed sores appear to be a result of chronic diseases, the onset of ulcers often coincides with the acute phase of the disease.
63% of ulcers develop while the patient is still in hospital. Bed wounds occur with a frequency of 41% during cardiovascular diseases, 27% during acute neurological disorders and 15% during orthopedic injuries. Pressure is the most important factor in the development of bed sores. Soft tissues, especially under the pressure of the bone protrusions due to the compression of the tissues can not be fed and continuous pressure is not prevented ulcers and tissue death develops. The general condition of the patient accelerates the development of pressure sores by decreasing the resistance of the tissue to pressure in patient-related factors such as nutrition problems, advanced age problems, diabetes and edema.
CLASSIFICATION OF BED WOUNDS
PHASE I
Skin redness and edema. If the pressure is removed and well maintained, the damage is reversible and recovery is the majority.
PHASE II
There is advanced superficial tissue death into subcutaneous tissue. Non-surgical treatments provide improvement.
PHASE III
There is full-thickness tissue death on the skin. The damage was reduced to subcutaneous tissue. If secondary infection is added, the wound becomes challenging. Surgical intervention is required for large lesions.
PHASE IV
The damage also took the bone tissue down to the protrusion. The treatment is surgical.
STAGE V
The lesion spread to the joint and body cavities. Bone infection may include pathological fractures, joint dislocations, and internal organs. The transfer of bacteria to the circulation may occur. There are always serious cases where the treatment is surgery.
PREVENTION OF BED WOUNDS
The most effective method to prevent pressure sores is to change position frequently and to provide movement to the patient as quickly as possible. Patients should be repositioned at intervals of at least 1-2 hours. Skin and bed care is very important. The skin should be wiped with soapy water every day and dried to avoid moisture. Massage should be applied in order to increase the blood circulation and endurance of the skin. Bed linen should be clean and dry. The bed sheet under the patient should not be folded. Anemia, protein deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, improper dressings and muscles that may cause pressure sores to be opened should be eliminated.
TREATMENT OF BED WOUNDS
The ideal solution for wound cleaning is saline which will not harm the tissue. Newly produced anti-septics are used today because Batikon damages living tissue. Systemic antibiotics should be used depending on the condition of the wound. Accelerates wound healing;
hydrotheraphy
Hyperbaric oxygen
Ultrasound
Electric Currents
Some tropical ointments are used for superficial wounds where skin patches are not lost.
3. Surgical method is used in the treatment of pressure sores in stages 4 and 5. In order to be successful in the treatment of pressure sores, the dead tissue must be cleaned (surgical debridement of the wound).
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