Menstrual bleeding problems and irregular bleeding
What is Irregular Bleeding?
A woman with a normal menstrual cycle will experience bleeding on average every 28 days (this period is from the first day of one menstrual period to the first day of the other menstrual period) and this bleeding continues for 3-7 days. The bleeding, which is relatively high in the first days, gradually decreases and ends completely at the latest 7 days. During this period, women lose an average of 40 milliliters of blood. Some women may also have a spotting bleeding that lasts a few drops during the ovulation period, which coincides with two bleeding. This bleeding occurs during ovulation in these women repeats monthly and is not considered an abnormal condition.
Any deviation from the above-described pattern is defined as irregular bleeding. Since each type of irregularity has its own causes and treatment methods, it is very important that the woman is able to describe the disorder well to her doctor at the diagnosis stage.
One of the most common causes of irregular bleeding in a reproductive age woman with active sexual life is pregnancy-related problems. For this reason, the first question the Obstetrician and Gynecologist will ask you is "can pregnancy be the case?" It will be. Even if you are using an effective contraceptive method, examinations are carried out in most cases.
Another important factor in menstrual irregularities is the lack or excess of thyroid hormones. Menstrual bleeding is often impaired in the absence or excess of these hormones.
Irregular hemorrhages show one or both of the following characteristics and are defined according to these characteristics.
Menstruation ("amenorrhea")
A period of three consecutive delays in menstruation or at least 6 months of absence or no menstrual bleeding occurs.
Sparse (Delayed) Menstruation ("oligomenorrhea")
It is the case that the number of menstrual bleeding per year is reduced (menstrual cycles last longer than 35 days).
Frequent Menstruation ("Polymenorrhea")
Increased number of menstrual bleeding (menstrual cycles lasting less than 21 days) is the condition.
Excessive Bleeding or Long Term Menstruation
("hypermenorrhea" or "menorrhagia")
Increased amount or day of bleeding in a cycle.
Less Bleeding or Short Term Menstruation ("hypomenorrhea")
Reduction in the amount or day of bleeding in a cycle.
Intermediate Bleeding ("metroraji")
Bleeding is the condition that occurs outside the usual bleeding days.
Post-Relationship Bleeding
It is a condition where unexpected bleeding occurs immediately after or the next day.
Bleeding in Childhood
Vaginal bleeding is not expected in a girl who has not reached puberty yet and the cause must be clarified.
Problems Specific to Adolescence
Adolescence is a period in which menstruation begins but is still relatively irregular. Some problems may arise during this period.
Problems in Transition to Menopause
The transition to menopause may be in the form of discontinuation of menstrual bleeding in some of the women or may follow a transition period with various irregular bleeding in some of them. The most common problem is bleeding in menopause and requires further examination.
Why do women get menstrual bleeding?
Between the first days of two bleeding and the purpose of the cycle is to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. Both physiological and mental processes contribute to the regular functioning of this cycle: On the first day of each menstrual period, an egg cell begins to mature and produce estrogen hormone in one of the ovaries with the effect of a hormone secreted from the pituitary gland in the brain. This hormone is responsible for the thickening of the inner layer of the uterus and the completion of preliminary preparations for pregnancy. During this thickening period which lasts for 14 days, fluid accumulates around the egg cell and is approximately 18-20 mm. diameter is filled with fluid and called the follicle fluid pouch occurs.
During these events, when the level of another hormone secreted from the pituitary gland reaches a certain stage, this developing follicle fractures and the mature egg cell is released. This cell enters the Fallopian tube and begins to advance here. In the fallopian tube, the egg cell encounters a sperm cell and if fertilization occurs, pregnancy begins.
Progesterone hormone starts to rise in the blood in addition to estrogen hormone immediately after ovulation. This hormone makes the inner layer of the uterus suitable for the placement of the fertilized egg and the continuation of pregnancy and in a sense, it completes the preliminary preparations made by the estrogen hormone. If pregnancy does not occur, the inner layer of the uterus begins to fall out after a certain period of time with decreasing hormone levels in the blood. This spill occurs with bleeding. With this bleeding called menstruation, the inner layer of the uterus begins to be prepared for a possible pregnancy in the new menstrual cycle and the above events start again.
The most important mechanism that ensures periodic regularity of menstruation is ovulation and the secreted progesterone hormone. If ovulation does not occur for any reason, the inner layer of the uterus continues to thicken under the influence of estrogen, and unexpectedly, often delayed and often more than normal bleeding occurs.
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