What is menstruation? How to reduce menstrual pain and bleeding?
Menstruation, menstruation, or period is normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a women's monthly cycle. Menstruation is a physiological process in which the vessels and tissues formed on the inner surface of the uterus are removed from the body with blood for reproduction and fertilization. In the medical world, menstruation is commonly known as menstruation, menstruation or menstruation. With puberty, the female body prepares itself for pregnancy every month, if pregnancy does not occur, the uterine lining spills and is thrown out with the blood. Periods usually begin with adolescence between the ages of 11-14 and menopause at the age of 51 continues. It usually lasts for 3 to 5 days, with some women experiencing severe pain and excessive bleeding, which can be quite painful. In addition to bleeding during menstruation, abdominal or cramp pain, low back pain, bloating, irritability, headache and fatigue can be experienced. The menstrual cycle repeats every 28 days; it only stops during pregnancy.
What is menstrual pain & pain?
Menstruation is pain during menstruation. Its medical name is “dysmenorrhea.. Generally, the pain begins before or with bleeding, and intermittently ends within 1 to 3 days. Cramps felt during menstrual pain; nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, low blood pressure, palpitations, low back and back pain, fatigue, flu etc. feelings can accompany. This process; It may develop with irritability, insomnia and loss of concentration that may adversely affect work and social life.
Most women may not have regular menstruation; It is normal to see a period in 21-35 days. Menstrual bleeding decreases and continues for 3 to 7 days. During this period, approximately 35-40 ml. blood is lost. This amount is below 50 ml in most women.
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What is the menstrual cycle?
This is called a menstrual cycle when menstrual bleeding is regularly required. The regularity of your menstrual cycles is a sign that important parts of your body work normally. The menstrual cycle is provided by important body chemicals called hormones to keep the body healthy. The menstrual cycle is a set of natural processes in which your body prepares for pregnancy. The rise and fall of hormone levels throughout the month controls this cycle. The length of the menstrual cycle varies between women but is approximately 28 days.
During your period, you remove the thickened uterine lining and extra blood from your vagina. The duration of your cycle or the severity of your bleeding may not be the same every month. It may also differ from other women's periods. Most periods last from 3 to 5 days. However, the period between 2 and 7 days is normal. Longer cycles are common during the first few years after menstruation begins. A woman's cycle tends to shorten over time and becomes more regular with increasing age.
What happens during the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen levels in the first half of the cycle (the female hormone baş begins to rise. Estrogen is a very important hormone for your health. It plays an important role in helping you build strong bones and keep them strong as you age. Estrogen also thickens the lining of the uterus. As the lining of the uterus thickens, one egg begins to mature in one of the ovaries, about 14 out of an average 28-day cycle, leaving the egg ovary, which is called ovulation.
What is the best time to get pregnant?
After the egg leaves the ovary, it goes to the uterus through the fallopian tube. Hormone levels increase and a suitable environment for pregnancy is formed. A woman is likely to become pregnant for 3 days prior to ovulation or on the day of ovulation. Keep in mind; Women with shorter or longer cycles than average can lay eggs before or after day 14. If the egg is fertilized by the sperm cell of a man and connected to the uterine wall, a woman becomes pregnant. If the egg is not fertilized, it will shatter. Subsequently, hormone levels are reduced and the thickened uterine lining is poured during the menstrual period.
Problems encountered during menstruation and their solutions
During menstruation, women may experience various problems such as pain, severe bleeding, and missed periods. Premenstrual syndrome; occurs one to two weeks before the start of your term. Many women experience various physical and emotional symptoms and changes. Premenstrual syndrome is caused by:
bloating, irritability
back or back pain
headache, chest pain
acne, cravings
Overstrain
depression, anxiety
Stress feelings
insomnia
constipation, diarrhea
Mild stomach cramps
You may experience different symptoms each month and the severity of these symptoms may change. Premenstrual syndrome is uncomfortable, but is generally not worrying unless it interferes with your daily life.
What is excessive menstruation, excessive bleeding (menorrhagia)?
Another menstrual problem is excessive menstruation, known in medical language as menorrhagia. During a menstrual period, the amount of blood lost by women varies from person to person. Menorrhagia is defined as a menstrual period lasting more than five to seven days or excessive bleeding during several consecutive menstrual periods. There are many causes of excessive bleeding. Your doctor should evaluate the most common problems in your age group. Some problems are not serious and are easy to treat. Abnormal bleeding treatment is planned according to the cause.
Excessive menstruation may occur alone or with other symptoms such as menstrual pain. Excessive menstruation does not necessarily mean that it is a serious problem, but it can adversely affect the woman physically, emotionally and socially, and even upset her daily life. Menorrhagia is often caused by imbalances in hormone levels, particularly progesterone and estrogen, as well as after menopause.
Other causes of severe or irregular menstrual bleeding are:
Puberty,
Vaginal infections
Inflammation of the cervix
Inactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism)
Noncancerous uterine tumors (fibroids)
Changes in diet or exercise
No menstrual bleeding (Amenorrhea)
What is amenorrhea?
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual bleeding or the termination of menstrual periods for any reason. Amenorrhea is a symptom, not a disease, and occurs in two ways; primary amenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea. Amenorrhea will occur if a young girl has not started menstruation until the age of 15. Or women who have had menstruation before, but not bleeding for 90 days. Menstrual bleeding may also be stopped in severe medical conditions that require treatment.
Amenorrhea is the medical term that means the absence of menstrual period; is not a disease, but may be a symptom of another condition. Primary amenorrhea occurs when a girl does not receive her first period until she is 16 years old. Secondary amenorrhea describes women who do not have more than three menstrual periods following regular periods. Pregnancy is the most common cause of amenorrhea. Treatment of the underlying condition usually relieves amenorrhea.
Amenorrhea may also be involved in the following cases:
Pregnancy, Breastfeeding
Excess weight loss
Eating disorders
Exercise, Stress
Stopping birth control
If your menstrual cycles are regular, this means that important parts of your body function normally. In some cases, the absence of menstruation may mean that your ovaries do not produce normal amounts of estrogen. The absence of these hormones can have significant effects on your overall health. Hormonal problems such as causing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or serious problems in the reproductive organs are some of the problems that may be encountered. If you have a similar problem, it is important to talk to a doctor.
Severe cramps and painful periods (Dysmenorrhea)
Menstrual cramps and pains in young people are caused by a chemical called prostaglandin. Most young people with dysmenorrhea do not have a serious disease, but cramps can be severe. Pain in older women is sometimes caused by diseases or conditions such as uterine fibroids or endometriosis.
Treatment methods of menstrual cramps and pains
Drink plenty of water
Drinking water does not directly affect your cramps, but helps to eliminate edema that exacerbates cramps. When your period begins, get a water bottle and add some mint or squeeze lemon into the bottle to make it more appealing. Reduce the amount of salt you eat (no more than 2,300 mg per day) and avoid alcohol - both absorb the water in your body.
Eat light
Donuts, potato chips and other greasy fried foods are not your companion during these periods. Take a low-fat, high-fiber diet: opt for cereals, lentils and beans, vegetables (especially those with dark green leaves), fruits and nuts. Foods such as vitamins E, B1 and B6, magnesium, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids cut off hormone-like substances responsible for these painful cramps or relieve muscle tension and inflammation.
Stay away from caffeine
Caffeine can make cramps worse, so avoid coffee before and during your menstrual period. Carbonated drinks, energy drinks, chocolate or tea can increase your frustration.
Use painkillers
Ibuprofen and naproxen sodium relieve pain. Keep painkillers in your makeup bag or car for emergencies so you don't have to look for it when you need it.
Keep warm
These days, you don't need a heater to get the heat that will relax you. You have many different options. You can take advantage of the microwave heatable heating pad, rechargeable wireless heat wraps, or disposable heat wraps, which are designed for finger cramps only.
Take action
Exercise allows you to release endorphins, chemicals that make you feel good in your brain. So it might be a good idea to go for a walk.
Massage
In less than 5 minutes a day, you can increase the blood flow in your abdomen and reduce tension and help you feel better. Start a few days before your expected menstrual period. Women who put cream on their belly with a mixture of lavender, Clary Island and marjoram oils claim to have less cramps in the next period. Pain relief in the content of these essential oils.
Acupressure
Touching important places in your stomach, back and feet can increase blood flow and release endorphins to relax your body and mind a little. In addition, the flesh between the thumb and index finger has a point that reduces pain and pain. You can devote a trained, certified specialist to help you find these points and warn them correctly.
Do breathing exercises
Some simple exercises may be as good as massage to cramps. Try to take a deep diaphragm breath while lying on your back with your bent knees. After a while you will notice that your blood circulation accelerates and your cramps decrease.
Organize your sleep
Sleeping may not be easy when you have strong cramps. Turn off your smartphone to do the best to relax at night. Try to maintain your sleep routine during your period. You may have to try different sleeping positions.
Take a warm bath
Fill the tub, add some bubbles and settle in with your favorite magazine or book. Hot water helps to calm your muscles and mind. A warm shower can also be soothing if you don't have a bathtub.
Consult your doctor
For most women, cramps are normal, but can sometimes be a sign of a more serious condition. Note how high your cramping frequency is and consult your doctor.
When does menstruation start first?
The average age of a girl's first menstruation is 12 years. This does not mean that all girls will enter this period at the same age. Menstrual bleeding can start at any time between the ages of 8 and 15 years. The first period begins approximately 2 years after the initial development of the breasts. If a girl has not received her first period until the age of 15, or if 2 to 3 years have passed since the onset of breast enlargement, she should see a doctor.
When does the menstrual period end?
Menstrual bleeding usually lasts for women's menopause. Menopause occurs between the ages of 45-55, usually around the age of 50. Menopause means that a woman is no longer ovulating and can no longer get pregnant. Like menstruation, menopause can vary from woman to woman. The time your body begins menopausal movement is called a menopausal transition. This can last anywhere from 2 to 8 years.
Some women experience early menopause due to surgery or other treatments, diseases or other causes. If you don't use it for 90 days, you should see your doctor. Pregnancy, early menopause or other health problems that may cause periods to stop or become irregular.
When should you see a doctor about menstrual bleeding?
If menstrual period has not started until the age of 15
If menstrual period has not started or breasts have not grown until the age of 13 years
If your period suddenly stops for more than 90 days
If your periods are irregular
If you bleed more than 7 days
If you have more bleeding than usual, or if you use more than one pad or tampon every 1-2 hours
If you lost blood between periods
If you have severe pain during your period
Suddenly fever and feeling sick after using a tampon
How often should I change my pad or tampon?
A tablet needs to be replaced before it gets wet with blood. Every woman decides what is best for her. You should replace the bumper at least every 4-8 hours. Be sure to use the lowest absorbent pad required for your flow. For example, use junior or regular tampons on the lightest day of your period. The use of superabsorbent pads on the lightest days increases your risk of toxic shock syndrome (TSS). TSS is a rare but sometimes fatal disease. TSS is caused by bacteria that can produce toxins.
If your body cannot fight toxins, the immune system (body defense) reacts and causes TSS symptoms (see below). Young women may be more likely to receive TSS. The use of any kind of buffer puts the risk for TSS far more than using the cushions. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends the following tips to help you avoid buffer problems:
Follow the package instructions for placement
Choose the lowest absorbency for your flow
Replace the bumper at least 4 to 8 hours
Consider switching between pads and pads
Know the warning signs of TSS (see below)
Do not use tambons between periods
If you have any of these TSS symptoms when using a tampon, remove the tampon and consult your doctor immediately:
Suddenly high fever (above 102 degrees)
Muscle pains
Diarrhea, Vomiting
Dizziness and / or fainting
Sunburn-like rash
Throat ache
Eyes hiding blood
Recommendations for relieving menstrual pain
Lie down when you feel that your pain will begin, if you are going to take painkillers start immediately. Because when painkillers are most effective, pain is the beginning.
Rubbing the underside of the abdomen and applying a hot bag to this area can be quite effective. Hot application may cause muscles to relax and reduce pain. A warm shower can reduce pain with the same effect
Light exercises such as stretching exercises, activities such as walking and yoga are useful
Drinks and teas containing ginger and raspberries may be pain relieving. Consumption of such drinks can be increased in this period
Smoking and alcohol can increase the pain as it will create a narrowing effect on the veins.
There is information that menstrual pains are less in those with low fat consumption and green foliage. Iron-containing foods must also be consumed more because there is blood loss during this period.
If menstrual pain is high and diet, changes in nutrition, does not respond to painkillers, a doctor should be consulted. It is also important to ensure that there are no problems behind pain such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease or fibroids
If the pains occur without an anatomical problem, they can be controlled with birth control pills. Taking birth control pills in consultation with a doctor can completely eliminate the pain.
Birth control pills are also used to relieve menstrual pain. Birth control pills help prevent pain by reducing the amount of blood in the endometrium. Thus, menstruation tends to be mild and less painful. They can prevent cramps by reducing the production of substances called prostaglandins that are responsible for pain.
Hot application: Hot water bags and hot compress application on the lower abdomen reduce the pain by accelerating the blood circulation of the uterus. It is also beneficial to take a warm shower and keep your feet in hot water. Approximately 40 degrees of heat is recommended and can be applied as often as needed.
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