What is menstrual irregularity? Causes menstrual irregularity?
Every healthy woman entering the reproductive period sees menstrual bleeding on average in 28 days. After the first menstruation during puberty, it is normal for menstrual irregularity and menstrual delay to occur for 12 to 18 months until the hormonal order is restored. The same applies to women at the onset of menopause. During puberty or when menopause starts to increase, the body needs a certain period of time to get used to the new order. However, during the reproductive period and every woman who is healthy, menstrual period is 28 days. Menstrual bleeding, which occurs regularly at 21 to 35 days intervals according to the menstrual calendar of women, lasts about 5 to 7 days. It is normal to replace approximately 4 to 5 pads per day during this time. If the menstrual cycle differs from person to person is less than 21 days, frequent menstrual period is mentioned, and if menstrual period is seen in 36 days or less, menstrual period is mentioned. In order for the menstrual cycle to take place, different parts of the body must work in harmony. The problem in one or more regions leads to menstrual irregularities. Before answering the frequently asked question of menstrual irregularity, what is menstrual bleeding and menstrual irregularity?
What is menstrual irregularity?
Menstruation that is earlier or later than the normal cycle of a person is called menstrual irregularity. The menstrual irregularity as well as the menstrual delay causes the hypothalamus, the pituitary, the ovary and the uterus to work in full harmony and plays an important role in the formation of menstrual order. The menstrual cycle, which is regularly repeated every month from the first hemorrhage during puberty until the menopause, occurs every 21 to 35 days, in other words an average of 28 days. In order to detect menstrual irregularity, the number of days between the first day of menstrual bleeding and the first period in the following period should be noted. Menstrual irregularity can be mentioned in the presence of bleeding that occurs less than 21 days and more than 35 days. In addition, the absence of bleeding in 3 or more periods, the amount and duration of bleeding is less or more than usual and bleeding outside the menstrual period is considered to be menstrual irregularity. During the control of menstrual bleeding possible hemorrhoids and so on. rectum hemorrhage that may develop depending on the formation. Disorders affecting menstrual order are defined as follows:
Hypermenorrhea: Menstrual bleeding is more than normal
Hypomenorrhea: less than normal amount of bleeding
Menometrorrhagia: Excessive bleeding at irregular intervals
Menorrhagia: Menstrual period prolongation
Metroragia: Irregular intervals of menstrual bleeding
Oligomenorrhea: Two menstrual cycles more than 35 days. Sparse menstruation.
Polymenorrhea: Two cycles less than 21 days. Frequent menstruation.
Causes menstrual irregularity?
Menstrual irregularity is a wide range of reasons and varies from person to person. Menstrual irregularity, mainly caused by hormonal changes, menopause, diabetes, depression, smoking, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cysts, absence of eggs in the egg reserve, fibroids, polyps, uterine and ovarian cancers, endometrial hyperplasia, can be seen in many different conditions . In the presence of hypothyroidism known as inadequate secretion of thyroid hormones and hyperthyroidism which is defined as excessive secretion of thyroid hormone may also cause menstrual irregularity. Like diabetes, low body weight is one of the factors that adversely affect reproductive functions and ovulation, and thus causes menstrual irregularities. Some medicinal and herbal medicines that are used regularly, especially contraceptives and pills the next day, lead to disruption of the menstrual cycle. Early menopause, some chronic diseases, heavy exercise, coagulation disorders, rapid weight gain, liver and kidney diseases, sudden climatic and environmental changes are among the causes of menstrual irregularity. In addition, unbalanced nutrition and stress are among the main factors disrupting the menstrual cycle. Stress, which can upset hormonal balance in a single moment, is a common cause of menstrual irregularity.
How is menstrual irregularity diagnosed?
The patient is admitted to the physician with menstrual irregularity. The interval, period and amount of bleeding are questioned in detail. After taking a family history, the presence of drugs used and menopause are questioned. After physical and gynecological examination, ultrasound is observed in the uterus in detail by hysteroscopy if necessary. In case of cervical cancer suspicion, smear test and, if necessary, biopsy from the uterus are taken and suspected cervical cancer is ruled out. Serum progesterone test to determine whether ovulation. In case of suspected adenomyosis, detailed imaging is performed with MRI. Furthermore, possible abnormalities at the hormonal level are detected by detailed laboratory tests. It is investigated whether there is a problem with coagulation. The hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus, which play a role in the formation of a healthy menstrual cycle, are controlled in detail. In the light of all radiological tests and laboratory tests, the causative agent is determined.
What is menstruation?
Menstrual bleeding that begins with puberty is a healthy condition that occurs on average every 28 days until menopause. Every woman who is in reproductive period regularly enters menstruation. In order for menstruation to occur every month and at regular intervals, many organs in the body must perform their functions correctly. The hypothalamus region in the brain stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH hormones. Egg follicles in the ovarian reserve are stimulated by increasing hormone levels into the blood. The ripening and cracking process of the eggs starts in this way. The follicle, in which the eggs are contained, secretes the hormone estrogen with the cracking of the egg. With the released estrogen, the endometrium, known as the intrauterine wall, begins to thicken for possible pregnancy. In the meantime, if the egg, which progresses from the fallopian tubes into the uterus, does not meet the male reproductive cell sperm, estrogen secretion decreases and progesterone production increases. This change in hormonal order causes the loss of intrauterine tissue prepared for possible pregnancy. Tissue spilled through the uterus is thrown out through the vaginal route and thus menstrual bleeding occurs. This procedure repeats on average every 28 days for the regular formation of the menstrual cycle.
How is menstrual irregularity treated?
Although menstrual irregularities seen once or twice during the same calendar year are considered normal, irregularities above this limit require diagnosis and treatment. For this reason, it is important that menstrual dates should be followed regularly since the first period. The duration and amount of menstrual bleeding should also be checked. In order to determine the appropriate treatment method, the factor causing the menstrual irregularity should be determined. After the detailed gynecological examination, radiological examination and laboratory tests, the appropriate medication or surgical treatment method is determined. Laparoscopic hysteroscopy, commonly known as closed surgery, is performed in the presence of polyp or fibroids in the ovary cyst and cervix or in the uterus. Cases of menstrual irregularity other than this type of organic factors, usually develops due to hormonal disorder. In such cases, by applying medicated treatment, hormonal balance is established and menstrual irregularity is eliminated. For a healthy life, do not forget to have regular checks.
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