What is asthma, how is it treated? What are the symptoms of asthma
Asthma occurs when air ducts in the lungs become inflamed or narrowed. The onset of asthma can range from wheezing to life-threatening sudden asthma attacks. So, what are the symptoms of asthma? How to treat asthma? Here are the details ...
Asthma, which makes it difficult to breathe with the narrowing of the airways and continues in attacks for a lifetime, affects 300 million people around the world. In order to control asthma attacks, it is necessary to be protected from triggering factors.
In our country, asthma is seen in 7 out of every 100 adults and 15 out of every 100 children as a result of the combined movement of genetic and environmental triggers. In asthma, which adversely affects the quality of life, the triggering factors are avoided and the drugs given are used properly, the complaints are easily controlled and attacks can be prevented. Thus, the process leading to respiratory failure is prevented.
Asthma is seen between 10% and 15% in the community, and it is observed between 4% and 7% in pregnant women. Asthma is one of the most common respiratory problems in pregnant women. Asthma attacks are common in the 24th week of pregnancy. Towards the end of pregnancy there is a tendency to improve asthma, but the severe and uncontrolled course of asthma in the late stages of pregnancy may lead to worse outcomes, so pregnant women with asthma must control their asthma from the beginning. So, what are the symptoms of asthma? How is asthma treated?
WHAT IS ASTHMA?
Asthma is an airways hypersensitivity to environmental factors. There is swelling in the airways and the membrane called the mucosa that lays the airways. This swelling interferes with air flow from time to time, causing respiratory distress. These periods are called asthma attacks.
WHAT IS ALLERGIC ASTHMA?
Allergic asthma occurs especially in spring and summer. Allergic rhinitis, which affects approximately 20-25 percent of the population and is common in women, can cause asthma if left untreated. Allergies; It develops as a result of the abnormal response of the nose to small particles in the air, called allergens. In some people, these particles can cause allergic asthma in the lungs and allergic conjunctivitis in the eyes. Environmental factors and genetic predisposition play a major role in the development of allergies.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF ASTHMA?
Asthma manifests itself in attacks caused by obstruction of the airways. Symptoms of asthma are usually; cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and chest tightness. Asthma symptoms help to diagnose asthma; they are repetitive, appear at night and in the morning, exposure to certain allergen substances or triggered after exercise. These symptoms do not occur between attacks and asthma patients feel good between attacks. The diagnosis of asthma is made by detailed patient history, examination findings and pulmonary function tests. General asthma symptoms are as follows;
Cough (usually dry and in crises may awaken asleep at night.)
Wheezing
Chest congestion and congestion
Whistling while breathing
Shortness of breath
RISK FACTORS THAT CAUSE ASTHMA
Risk factors for asthma may vary depending on the individual and environmental factors. Accordingly, the risk factors in asthma can be listed as follows;
Family having asthma,
Carpentry, joinery, furniture, bakery, hairdressing, medical staff, veterinary, poultry breeding, welding, foundry, farming, plastic / rubber / chemical / pharmaceutical industries, tea / tobacco production, railway labor, firefighting, dry cleaning, cleaning labor some occupations,
Excessive exposure to allergens during infancy,
From the age of 2 to spend severe respiratory disorders,
Smoking during pregnancy (risk factor for the baby),
Smoking in parents,
Malnutrition and low-weight birth of the baby in the womb
HOW IS ASTHMA TREATMENT?
Pulmonary function test is used for the diagnosis of asthma. When the airway stenosis is observed in the pulmonary function test, the bronchial angle is given to the drug and 15 minutes later the respiratory function test is performed. If the difference is over a certain percentage, it may be possible to diagnose the patient with asthma. Sometimes, patients come to the emergency departments of hospitals in the form of asthma attacks and are treated without any symptoms.
ASTHMA CRISIS WHAT TO DO IMMEDIATELY!
The first thing to do during an asthma attack is to quickly breathe bronchodilator medication. Then, one of the things that shouldn't be done is to switch to the drug treatment recommended by specialist doctors and get worried and pollute the memory. The patient and his / her environment must remain absolutely calm during an asthma attack.
WHAT DOES ASTHMA COME FOR?
The most important part of asthma treatment is to stay away from the factors that can lead to asthma attacks. Therefore, it is very important for the patient to know the causes of the asthma attack. Some of the measures that will be good for asthma are as follows;
Pets should not be fed at home if you are allergic to pets
No smoking in the house
Do not use household spray, scented detergent, perfume
Synthetic bedding should be used (feather pillows, blankets, etc.)
Especially in the bedroom rugs, carpets, furniture, pillows and cushions should not have
Mattress should be thin, simple and synthetic
House should be ventilated
When the pollen increases, the doors and windows inside the house should be kept closed.
Whitewash, paint, lacquer, insecticide application
Must be ventilated when frying and cooking smell occur in the house
Do not go outside if there is wind in dry weather
Avoid gardening such as lawn mowing and weed cleaning, which causes the mixing of allergens into the air
Holiday hotels or cottages should be reviewed for allergens
Do not overdo it when performing outdoor exercises.
Clothing worn outside should be changed when returning home and shower allergens removed from the skin and hair
Wide-edged glasses should be used when going out. People with a very allergic nature and asthma patients should also use allergy masks
Allergy medications should be taken before the complaints begin during periods of high amount of pollen
Doors and windows should be kept closed during high pollen density
External activities should be avoided in the first hours of the day when the amount of pollen is high.
Instead of opening windows at home and in the car, air conditioners with regular pollen filters should be used.
Keep the humidity of living spaces low
House cleaning should be done with a vacuum cleaner with HEPA filter.
ASTHMA IN PREGNANCY
During pregnancy, no change is observed in half of asthmatic patients. Complaints increase in 1 out of 3 patients and complaints relieve in 1 out of 3 patients. Untreated asthma can harm the baby more than medications.
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