Menopause Period from A to Z
What is Menopause?
Menopause is one of the most important turning points in our women's lives. The meaning of the word is to end the mores and the end of fertility. However, the actual word meaning is the last menstrual bleeding. Menopause is a natural and normal condition defined as the last menstrual period when a woman does not have menstruation for 12 consecutive months in the absence of other causes.
Transition from fertile to non-fertile.
The average age of menopause is around 51 years.
In premenopausal
It is called the pre-menopausal period from the time of the first symptoms to menopause. It is the period during which menstrual irregularities occur before menopause, such as the menstruation becoming more frequent for about 3-5 years.
perimenopause
It usually starts with the symptoms of menopause about 1 year before the last menstrual period and ends after 1 year.
Menopause
Latest menstruation
What are the Symptoms of Menopause?
• Flushing,
• Trouble,
• Sweating,
• Palpitations
• Depression (mental depression),
• Weakness
• Decrease in libido, sometimes against sexual intercourse
• Bone resorption (osteoporosis)
• Tendency to develop atherosclerosis
• Dryness in sexual organs,
• Painful relationship
• Mental Tension,
• Easy to get angry,
• Insomnia,
• Forgetfulness,
• Tension,
• Closure,
How is it diagnosed?
The most important prerequisite for minimizing the negative effects of menopause is the early diagnosis and initiation of early treatment. Because menopause losses are the highest in the first years. Menopause occurs mainly due to ovulation cessation (natural) or removal of the ovaries (surgery) or damage to the ovaries.
A woman who does not have menstruation for 1 year after the age of 40 and has complaints can be admitted to menopause without further research. During the transition period to menopause, pregnancy and malignant diseases that cause irregular bleeding should be distinguished.
For this reason, if the ovarian stimulating hormone (FSH, LH) levels in the blood taken on the 3rd day of menstruation are increased in a woman who has rare menstruation, flushing, palpitation, sweating and psychological changes, the diagnosis is made more precisely and early and treatment can be started immediately. In a woman with irregular (usually sparse) menstruation, if FSH is above 40 pg / ml, menopause is definitely diagnosed. If the FSH value is between 25-40 pg / ml, it is thought that the process of entering menopause starts but it may occur in ovulation and pregnancy. However, pregnancy and other diseases causing irregular bleeding should be investigated by pregnancy test, ultrasonography and endometrial biopsy (curettage) etc. in any case.
How is it treated?
HORMONE TREATMENT
Since the main disorder or deficiency is the reduction of estrogen hormone, the main treatment is to give estrogen hormone. As soon as the diagnosis is made, if there are no drawbacks for the patient;
-Oral
- With skin-taped bands or gels applied
- It is essential to start estrogen replacement therapy by vaginal route.
Barriers to hormone use:
• New heart attacks (myocardial infarction)
• Transient ischemic attack
• Previous stroke (cerebrovascular event), cerebral vascular obstructions
• Impaired liver function
• Presence of tumor progressing with estrogen (Breast, uterus)
• Vascular occlusion with intravascular coagulation
Cautious and controlled conditions:
• Ischemic heart disease (malnutrition due to arteriosclerosis)
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Gallbladder diseases and stone
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat, cholesterol, blood)
• Migraine headaches
• Fibroids (tumors in the uterus)
Prior to the initiation of hormone treatment, the patient should be aware of the possible side effects and long-term use of these drugs, and should be pre-prepared.
Preliminary research: General body and gynecological examination, blood pressure, weight, weight measurement, Liver functions (liver enzymes in blood, fats, cholesterol are measured), Blood and urine examination (general control), Cervical smear (Swab taken to investigate cervical cancer), Mammography (Breast Cancer Screening), Endometrial Biopsy and / or Vaginal Ultrasound Measurement of Endometrial Thickness (Screening of Uterine Cancer), Fasting Blood Sugar (Diabetes Research), Electrocardiography (Cardiac Crisis or Malnutrition), Bone Density Measurements (Preventing Fractures) and the need for other drugs). These tests are repeated at least 1 year intervals depending on the patient's condition.
HORMONE FREE TREATMENT
It usually includes drugs and methods used not directly against menopause, but against diseases caused by it (osteoporosis, etc.).
Calcium supplements, Vitamin D, Diet (Calcium-rich diet is essential. Milk, yogurt, cheese etc. diet is tried to prevent bone loss.), Exercise (Every day 30 minutes walking and simple weight lifting, muscle strengthening movements, medicines are as important.), Summer In order to benefit from sunlight (ultra-viole), regular sunbathing is beneficial.
TREATMENT OF DISEASES
Although the aim is to prevent diseases, appropriate treatments are performed when it cannot be prevented.
Osteoclasis; If fracture occurs, appropriate treatment is provided and rehabilitation is provided by physical therapy. Pain and respiratory distress caused by humpback due to fractures are tried to be assisted by physical therapy and appropriate instruments. The house should be rearranged according to the patient to prevent the formation of fractures. Handles are attached to the sides of stairs, bathroom and toilet. Special battery or generator lamps can be placed on the stairs to prevent crashes and falls during power cuts. Slippery covering materials (carpets, rugs, etc.) can be fixed.
Urinary Incontinence; It depends on sagging of the bladder neck or increased bladder activity (detrusor instability). Surgery in cases with increased bladder neck mobility; In the case of urinary incontinence due to untimely contractions of the bladder muscle, medications, physical therapy and / or treatments based on electrical simulation of the bladder are suitable. The treatment should be decided by an expert physician, laboratory and urodynamic (computerized recording of filling, voiding and incontinence pressures of the bladder). In poorly selected patients, treatment may not improve urinary incontinence and may increase.
Recommendations for comfortable menopause
- Stay away from alcohol and cigarette
- Take care of your diet (Eat calcium-rich milk and dairy products)
- Do not consume spicy and spicy foods
- Exercise 30 minutes a day
- Include soy products and legumes in your meals
- Get a Hobby
- Take your time
- Share your feelings with your partner and friends
- Be under the doctor's supervision.
40AXX
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