Infections Transmitted to Baby in Pregnancy
In the early stages of pregnancy, expectant mothers try to adapt to the changes in their bodies and get used to the idea of a baby. Pregnancy is a period in which the body balance of the expectant mother changes, the immunity becomes weaker and the disease becomes more susceptible. In order to protect the pregnant woman and determine the current situation, the tests that the pregnant woman should take in the first weeks are determined. These tests include some test groups to detect infections in the mother's body. These tests are repeated to control and protect the health of the mother and the baby at different stages of the pregnancy.
Infections from Mother to Baby!
Some of the infections caused by bacteria, parasites and viruses do not usually harm the unborn baby through antibiotic treatments. Especially when the most common urinary tract infections during pregnancy, influenza infections such as influenza and diarrhea are taken under control with medication, they do not cause harm to mother and baby. However, while some infections are more easily circumvented when passed without pregnancy, they become dangerous enough to cause life-threatening or congenital anomalies in both the mother and the baby. These infections include cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella, toxoplasma, hepatitis and mumps.
How Infections Symptoms
Infections during pregnancy are usually manifested by symptoms of high fever, vomiting, diarrhea and weakness. However, some silent infections are present in the body without any symptoms or complaints. For this reason, gynecology and obstetrician tests all pregnant women to determine whether these infections are present in the body.
How are Infections Treated?
The most common types of pregnancy infections, gestational week, pregnancy, and the harm to the baby according to the situation can be followed by personalized treatment protocols. Antibiotics, serums, antipyretics and analgesics that can be given to the pregnant woman are tried to be treated without damaging the infections.
Infections Transmitted to Baby in Pregnancy
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella, toxoplasma, hepatitis, mumps and urinary tract infections during pregnancy are the types of infections transmitted to the baby.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Cytomegaloviruses seen in 80% of adults are found in body secretions such as breast milk, saliva and vijana or in the blood. It can be transmitted by close contact and using someone else's things (cups, forks, knives, etc.). Once this virus enters the body, it remains in the human body for life. After the first infection, it continues its life in the body without any distress and symptoms. Until the body resistance drops for any reason. Pregnancy is a period that reduces body resistance and causes frequent infections in the pregnant women. Infection in the body or infection transmitted during pregnancy is usually transmitted to the baby. When necessary, the physician applies medication to the pregnant woman. Infant usually does not have congenital anomalies due to infection.
Toxoplasma
Toxoplasmosis is the most mentioned virus in pregnancy and is known by pregnant women. It is transmitted by mouth from undercooked meat products, poorly washed vegetables and fruit. Mostly uncooked raw or close to meats cause infection. Pregnants are therefore told not to eat delicatessen products, raw meatballs or undercooked meats. The way of passing through vegetables and fruits is due to the transmission of feces from infected flesh-eating cats to the soil and transmission to vegetables. Once the toxoplasma is passed, immunity is achieved. Therefore, if passed before pregnancy there is no risk of re-infection. Pregnant women who have been found to have had no previous toxoplasma should be taken into consideration by the physician. Toxoplasma infection in the abdomen of the pregnant woman is infected with blood via the placenta infection passes. The degree of exposure of the baby depends on the week of gestation. Infant exposure in the first trimester can cause severe anomalies. (mental retardation, head / brain smallness, brain cavities, etc.). In the later weeks of pregnancy, the effects of the baby on the third trimester are mildly avoided.
Mumps
Inflammation of the salivary glands under the ear causes mumps. It is rare for the virus to be passed on to the unborn baby. The effect on the baby depends on the severity of the infection and the gestational week of the expectant mother. Although research has shown that it does not cause structural disorders in the baby, it is not yet clear whether it damages the heart muscle in the baby. There is no specific treatment for mumps. In the treatment, complaints are tried to be reduced. To prevent infection: Pregnant women should stay away from infection and protect themselves in order to avoid mumps.
Urinary tract infection
Urinary tract infections during pregnancy is one of the most common infections. It develops due to the weakening of the immune system. Pregnant women are treated using antibiotics approved by the physician. Treatment of resistant infections is changed. It does not harm the baby during pregnancy as long as the doctor is under control and the treatment is continued.
Rubella
Rubella vaccination is not a common infection because it is included in the mandatory vaccination schedule. However, transmission during pregnancy causes high risks in the baby. It is transmitted through the respiratory tract. 15 days after the incubation period is understood by the emergence of rash. Rubella IgM-IgG test should be performed in consultation with the physician of pregnant women in contact with someone who has rubella. Rubella infection is transmitted to the baby through blood in the womb. Abortions occur in approximately 20% of babies in the first 12 weeks. If pregnancy progresses, it causes severe diseases in the majority of babies. Congenital anomalies that may develop in the baby due to rubella are structural heart disorders, developmental delay, inability to hear in the ear, cataract in the eye, mental retardation, small head structure. If rubella infection is transmitted to the baby after the first trimester of pregnancy, then the chances of harm to babies are reduced. To prevent infection: Pregnant women who have not had rubella vaccination and who have not had rubella should stay away from people with high fever.
Hepatitis (jaundice)
Hepatitis, known as liver inflammation, is caused by different viruses such as A, B, C, D, E, and G. It has different effects in pregnant and infant according to their types.
Hepatitis A
Passes through the mouth or fecal contamination. Does not pass from baby to pregnant. Therefore it does not pose a risk to the baby.
hepatitis B
It is transmitted through blood, infections or sexual contact. If it is transmitted to pregnant women, it causes weakness, fever and joint pain. Transition of hepatitis B from mother's womb to infant is rare. Although it does not cause congenital anomalies on the baby. Even if the hepatitis B test is positive, it is not worried that it can be treated. However, the transmission of active Hepatitis B to the baby during birth or during breastfeeding may cause cirrhosis and more serious illnesses from liver diseases in the future. If the mother is a carrier of hepatitis B, hepatitis B protective vaccines should be given to protect the baby after birth.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is transmitted by transfusion or transfusion to pregnant women. Transition to the baby can be prevented by vaccination or treatment. The infection disappears after about 10 years. Hepatitis C control during pregnancy should be performed and followed by a gynecologist.
Influenza and Flu Infection
Colds are diseases caused by viruses. It can be seen in most of the pregnant women at any stage of their pregnancy. It presents with sneezing, coughing and nasal congestion. Sore throat is usually not seen while fever. It usually ends in a week. It is manifested by airborne influenza infection, fever, weakness, sore throat, cough and joint pain. If necessary, medication supplements are given to pregnant women for treatment. Infections of pregnant women with diabetes or heart or lung related problems are more severe. It does not harm the baby as long as the common cold and flu are under the control of the physician.
Salmonella
Salmonella, a bacterial infection, is transmitted from foods such as chickens and eggs. It presents with fever, nausea, chills and stomach complaints. Salmonella does not affect the baby unless the mother is pregnant.
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