What symptoms do I experience when I get pregnant?
Although the only and best way to be sure of pregnancy is by performing a pregnancy test and getting positive results, your body gives you some symptoms beforehand. Although most women do not notice these symptoms at the beginning of pregnancy, some of them experience signs of pregnancy. These symptoms can be a valid reason to conduct a pregnancy test.
Darkening of the nipple: Due to changing hormone levels in the body during pregnancy, the circular areas around the nipple may become darker and wider.
Sensitive breasts and nipples: Painful, whining, swollen and tender breasts are the first signs of pregnancy. This starts a few days after fertilization and may increase during pregnancy.
Small bubbles around the nipple: Small bubbles in the circular area around the teats, which have not previously attracted much attention, may become more pronounced. These bubbles are fat-producing glands to relieve the nipples and their surroundings, and their prominence indicates that the body is preparing for breastfeeding.
Mild bleeding: Mild vaginal bleeding may occur earlier than menstruation, usually 5 to 10 days after fertilization. Unlike menstruation, this bleeding is pink in medium darkness.
More frequent urination: Changing hormone levels not only in the amount of blood, but also increases in the amount of urine and urine too often causes. In addition, kidney productivity increases during pregnancy and the body is cleaned faster than waste materials. The enlargement of the uterus also presses the bladder and reduces the volume of the bladder. With the shrinkage of the bladder, there is a need to go to the toilet more frequently.
Fatigue: As your body focuses on having a baby, it will have less energy for other functions. It will take until the end of the first 3 months to build and complete the placenta in the first place, during which the hormone levels and blood production of the woman will increase significantly. Because the heart rate is faster, the blood sugar is lower, the metabolism is faster, the body will spend more energy. As such, it will need more nutrients and water. When these conditions are considered, the feeling of weakness in the body will become inevitable. After the completion of the placenta and the accustomed to the changing hormonal and emotional order, the body will revive a little more.
Nausea: Nausea and vomiting complaints can be experienced at the beginning of pregnancy, usually begins to feel like the sixth week. According to research, about three quarters of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting. Although the cause of nausea has not been clearly identified, it is thought that high levels of pregnancy hormone, elevated estrogen level and increased smell sensitivity of pregnant women cause nausea. Not all pregnant women have the same nausea and vomiting.
Odor sensitivity: The sharpening of the sense of smell is one of the first changes that new pregnant women feel.
Bloating: The feeling of bloating may begin from the very early stages of pregnancy, but it may be difficult to distinguish it from premenstrual bloating. The feeling of bloating may be related to the changing hormone level.
Increase in body temperature: With pregnancy, the body temperature can rise by as much as 1 degree and remain high during pregnancy. This may vary from person to person.
Delay in menstruation: You may start to suspect that you are pregnant, especially if your menstruation is normally very regular and your menstruation does not start on the expected date.
How is pregnancy diagnosed?
While modern medicine is the most accurate way to diagnose pregnancy, there are many ways to understand it.
Home pregnancy tests:
All such pregnancy tests are performed by measuring the level of pregnancy hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) produced by the placenta in the urine. Within 6 to 12 days after fertilization, this hormone begins to be observed in the blood and urine, and as soon as it can be measured, a positive result can be obtained from the tests. But you have to wait a certain time for such tests. If you are patient until the menstrual day, the probability of getting the correct results from these tests is up to 90%. The point to note is that these tests should be confirmed by a medical test or control.
Blood analysis:
With the help of a blood test, close to 100% can be diagnosed even one week after fertilization. Since the pregnancy hormone in the blood increases as the pregnancy progresses, the start date of the pregnancy can also be determined according to the hormone level.
Medical examination:
In addition to home tests or blood tests, which are highly accurate, a doctor's examination may be unnecessary. However, even if everything is fine, it is absolutely correct and necessary to go to the doctor for a first check-up and to use health services on site.
Monthly Baby Development in the Womb
The development of the baby in the womb is examined in three trimesters (three months, three periods). The last menstrual date is accepted as the first day of the beginning of pregnancy. According to this calculation, pregnancy lasts approximately 40 weeks (9 months and 10 days).
First Trimester - First Quarter
In this period, the organ development of the baby begins and is completed. The expectant mother begins to adapt to the pregnancy. In the first 8 weeks of the womb, cell and organ drafts occur. Exposure of the mother to harmful substances during this period is extremely dangerous and dangerous. Vaginal hemorrhages and cramps can be a harbinger of miscarriage. In such cases, consult a doctor immediately.
Week 4
Menstruation is delayed, physical and mental changes occur. Premenstrual changes (such as weakness, fatigue and fullness of the breasts) symptoms are close.
Week 8
The length of the baby is around 15-20 mm. Although he began to move, these movements, but only 16-20. weeks. This week, the baby's tongue, lips develop and teeth begin to form. The esophagus and the trachea are separated. The development of the lungs will accelerate further this week. Heart valves and 4 chambers begin to be noticed, intestines become prominent and eyelids appear as a fold. The cartilage skeleton of the baby will now begin to harden. In this period, the uterus grows as an orange may contractions. Mother's skin may have problems, acne and fat. These changes usually disappear at the end of the first trimester.
Week 12
Babies' kidneys are now working better and the baby starts producing urine from the 10th week. The urine produced is discharged into the amniotic fluid and ensures the continuity of the fluid. At the end of the 12th week, all organs of the baby have completed their development and have started to grow in volume. The length was approximately 70 mm. The face begins to become clear, the nails emerge, hair and nails begin to grow. The baby's bowels begin to move. External genitalia has not completed its development; but lips in girls and penis in boys can be distinguished. The growing uterus will not disturb the mother as much as before, and the complaints of frequent urination and burning in the stomach will decrease, but these complaints will reappear in the last period of pregnancy. Again in this week, there may be complaints such as dizziness and headaches due to the increase in blood volume. In contrast, nausea and fatigue complaints will be reduced.
Second Trimester - Second Quarter (Week 14-26)
It is the most comfortable period during pregnancy. In this period, complaints that occurred in the early stages of pregnancy disappeared significantly and the body adapted to pregnancy.
Week 16
As the muscles develop, the baby can open and close the mouth and move the eyelids. The face is more pronounced, the eyes and ears are in place. Feces began to accumulate in the intestines and the circulatory system began to function fully. The umbilical cord has matured and the placenta, the wife of the infant, has reached the same size as the infant. The baby's reflex to breathing and light begins. Towards the end of this week, the baby's gender can be learned on ultrasound. The baby will be even more active this week.
Week 20
The baby has a height of 25 cm and a weight of approximately 400-450 grams. The skin becomes thicker, and the senses of smell, taste, hearing, sight and touch begin to become active. Hair covering the body is seen intensively in the head and neck area. While the testes of the male babies progressed from the abdomen to the bag, the egg cell production process of the female babies was completed. In the mother, the upper part of the uterus reaches the level of the navel and the darkness begins to form between the navel and the groin. This is called a linea nigra ve and will disappear after birth. Due to the enlargement of the uterus, pressure on the stomach, kidneys and lungs will increase, and it may be difficult to breathe and urinate frequently.
Week 24
The baby is about 28-30 cm tall and weighs around 550-650 grams. From this week onwards, the baby has the chance to live independently of his or her mother's body. In this week, the vascular structures of the baby's lungs mature and almost all organs begin to function. In this period with the effect of hormones in the mother bleeding gums, gingival recessions, even in the advanced stages of tooth loss may occur. In case of such complaints, a dentist should be consulted.
Third Trimester- Last Quarter (Week 27-41)
Week 28
The baby has a height of about 35-38 cm and a weight of about 1100-1200 grams. In the baby, hair grows and eyebrows are completed. The baby opens and closes his eyes and goes through the stages of sleep and wakefulness. The body has begun to store fat and this oil will play an important role in regulating body temperature after birth.
In the mother, the upper point of the uterus is almost as far as the ribs. In this period, cramps in the legs, varicose veins, skin dryness, waist, back pain, palpitations and indigestion may increase. If present, the hemorrhoid problem may worsen. Since high blood pressure can be dangerous for pregnant and baby, blood pressure should be monitored more closely from this week onwards. Usually from 26 weeks of age, such as menstrual pains and abdominal contractions can be felt at irregular intervals. These contractions prepare the uterus for delivery. These cramps should be taken into consideration as they may be a precursor to preterm birth. To determine if contractions are regular, place them on the palm of the stomach and measure the frequency and duration of contractions. If cramps become more frequent, consult a doctor.
Week 32
The baby now weighs almost 1800-2100 grams and is 40-42 cm tall. It can detect external warnings better. Growth rate decreased compared to previous periods. During this period, as the baby grows further, the baby's place is narrowed, so his legs and knees are fully bent, his feet are crossed, his arms and his neck are bent forward. The baby's feet can put pressure on the mother's ribs because the uterus grows well and the baby is upside down.
Week 36
The baby weighs about 2500-2900 grams and is 46-48 cm tall. The baby's cheeks, fingers, arms become more pronounced as they continue to store fat. All organ systems have completed their development. In this week, mother's insomnia may increase. This is because the baby slowly comes down and increases the pressure on the bladder. Therefore, it may be necessary to go to the toilet frequently.
Week 38
The baby weighs approximately 3000 grams and is 49 cm tall. The baby's feces, called ında meconium baş, begin to accumulate in the intestines and the baby removes the feces within 24 hours after birth. There is a bloody slimy discharge in the cervix that protects the inside of the uterus and the baby from microbes that may come from the outside, and the arrival of this slimy discharge is called ‘engagement coming.. This situation is also a sign of birth.
Week 40
The baby is approximately 50-52 cm tall and weighs around 3000-3500 grams. The length of the baby cord is up to 50 cm. Creamy substance and hairs covering the baby's skin begin to decrease. As of this week, the baby has completed its development and the baby's head has settled at the entrance of the birth canal and is ready for birth. Some babies may also reach 41 weeks.
Pregnancy Tracking:
Pregnancy, which lasts approximately 280 days, is one of the most important periods in a woman's life. Examination, sonography and some diagnostic tests under the supervision of a physician are important and necessary for both mother and baby to have a healthy period.
Pregnancy follow-up; This course covers the tests that are required and recommended by the physician according to the weeks, what kind of medicines will be used, in which situations a health institution should be called without waiting for the control day and the tests performed to determine the good health of the baby in the womb.
Sonographic examination, maternal blood pressure and body weight measurements and laboratory tests are recommended to the patient in certain periods. At the beginning of pregnancy, cervical cytological examination (cervical examination) should be recommended under appropriate laboratory conditions. Sonographic measurement (NT measurement) and blood tests from the mothers are recommended in the presence of appropriate ultrasonography and laboratory conditions in order to determine whether the baby has chromosomal abnormalities.
Which tests should I have during pregnancy?
Pregnancy follow-up is performed for the birth of the mother and baby with the least risk. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify the patient who is at risk of complications, to evaluate the health status of the mother and fetus and to intervene in the problems and minimize them.
Pregnancy Follow-up:
Topics in pregnancy follow-up: education, physical examination, counseling, laboratory tests, etc. are issues.
In order for the expectant mother to recognize the risky conditions in the early period and maintain her health, a health check-up is required at least 4 times during pregnancy.
During the first 14 weeks of pregnancy follow-up, 18-24. between weeks, 30-32. between weeks and 36-38. between weeks should be done strictly.
Laboratory Tests:
1. Follow-up: Urine analysis, blood count, blood group determination and Hepatitis B assay should be performed.
2. Follow-up: Urine analysis and blood count as well as glucose screening test and basic pregnancy ultrasound should be performed.
3. Follow-up: Urine analysis and blood count should be performed.
4. Follow-up: Urine analysis and blood count should be performed.
If the pregnant woman has chronic disease or health problems during pregnancy, she should have additional urine analysis or extra analysis depending on her problems and complaints.
Other recommended tests in pregnancy include:
Toxoplasmai rubella, CMV and TSH can be performed at the first examination.
Binary test (week 11-14): A screening test for early detection of infants with Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities.
Triple test (16-20 weeks): This is a screening test for early detection of infants with Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities.
Invasive tests for the diagnosis of suspected anomalies in infants and in some other cases:
AS (Amniocentesis): This is the most commonly used invasive test. Usually advanced maternal age and 16-18. done during the week. It is also performed in cases where there is a suspected neural tube defect and some suspected metabolic disease.
CVS (Chorionic villus biopsy): In the early stages of pregnancy, the placenta is the process of taking a vaginal or abdominal biopsy at an early stage of development (villi) and is performed for chromosomal anomaly screening. It is preferred because it is a method that can obtain sufficient material for DNA studies and does not directly interfere with the fetus and does not harm fetal membranes.
Glucose screening test: To determine whether diabetes is due to pregnancy 24-28. weeks.
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