Gastric diseases and treatments
Are stomach diseases very common?
Ulcer was a common disease until 10-15 years ago. It has declined recently. Reflux disease and gastritis were prominent. Gastric and esophageal cancers are among the problems with the stomach, but they are less common. If we list the problems related to stomach and esophagus, reflux disease comes first, gastritis comes second and ulcer comes second. Statistics on the subject because it is not in Turkey, but we are evaluating the incidence according to research conducted in the US and Europe. The incidence of reflux is around 15-25 percent of the population. The likelihood of reflux for the patient is 40 percent. The incidence of ulcer has decreased with recent treatments.
What is gastritis and why?
Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach skin. There are two types. One is acute gastritis with sudden onset and the other is chronic gastritis. The major cause of gastritis is a microbe called 'helicobacter pylori'. There are also other causes of gastritis. But most commonly, this is due to microbial gastritis. This germ settles on the stomach skin and forms an infection. It causes swelling of the stomach skin, redness and cell damage. Some drugs and alcohol can also cause gastritis.
Which drugs lead to gastritis?
Some painkillers known as rheumatism medications, aspirin and some antibiotics can cause gasrite. Unconscious use of these drugs may lead to more serious events. Like bleeding. Sometimes a small baby aspirin can cause severe bleeding. The harmful effects of drugs such as aspirin occur not only in contact with the stomach, but also in the blood.
Is there a cure for gastritis?
If the culprit is a bacterium or a drug, treatment is determined accordingly. Stomach protective and acid-reducing drugs are given. If drugs and alcohol are the cause, they are stopped. If it is caused by bacteria, drug treatment can be done for cleaning. Because the stomach skin is damaged, the stomach is more affected by the acid it produces and the patient's complaints increase. For this, the stomach acid should be reduced. Diet should be done. The patient is told about prohibited foods and beverages. If it is present in bacterial gastritis, bacterial clearing treatment is performed with antibiotics. It is not necessary to treat germs in every bacterial gastritis.
What is the incidence of this bacterium?
Approximately 80 out of 100 people have this bacteria. Abroad, this rate is around 50 percent, especially in Europe.
How does this bacteria spread?
Transmission occurs by mouth with food and drink. Hygiene is very important.
How long does it take to treat gastritis?
If the gastritis is attached to the microbe, the germ can be removed by one to two weeks of antibiotic treatment. Then, the patient is given stomach-protective drugs again. Complaints related to gastritis may sometimes not completely disappear. When drugs and alcohol-induced gastritis are discontinued, the patient begins to relax. Normally the stomach has the power to repair. Drugs accelerate healing.
Can one understand the presence of bacteria?
Bacteria do not always produce a complaint. Sometimes there are bacteria, but the person is not aware of it. You can live with this bacteria for years without any problems. The presence of this bacterium can be determined by various methods. Among these methods, endoscopy is most accurate. In addition, blood, feces and breath tests can be detected by the presence of bacteria.
Is gastritis related to age?
Yeah. In particular, bacterial gastritis increases with age. It is less common in infancy and childhood. The presence of bacteria in our society by the age of 20 to rise to 50 percent. In parallel, the incidence of gastritis increases. It rises to 80 percent in the 50s. Bacteria are more common in rural areas.
Children?
Yeah, but not as often as adults.
What is Endoscopy?
Endoscopy is the examination of the internal cavity organs with a tool. This instrument allows both imaging and some procedures such as biopsy. It is called as hortum illuminated hose arasında among the people. But it would be unfair to call this tool just a hose. It is an excellent diagnostic tool. If we perform an endoscopy to monitor the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, this is called esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Briefly, it can be called 'gastroscopy'. If it is done for the large intestine, it is called 'colonoscopy'. During gastroscopy, the esophagus, the esophagus and the junction of the stomach, stomach, the exit portion of the stomach and the duodenum are examined.
What happens during endoscopy, is it difficult?
Endoscopy has been used for 40 years especially in digestive system examination. Compared to the past, there are more mobile, flexible, thinner devices with high image capacity. The success of endoscopy and the patient's discomfort with endoscopy depends on who did it, where it was done, how it was performed, and whether or not an experienced assistant team was available. Endoscopy should be performed by gastroenterologists who are trained in this subject. If there are no obstacles, the patient should be prescribed medication. First of all, the patient's tongue root and small tongue circumference are anesthetized with a spray that is used by dentists. This eliminates nausea. Then, relaxing and light sleeping drugs are given through the arm vein. Endoscopy is very comfortable when performed in this way. Most of the time, the patient says, "Did you really perform gastroscopy? Done?" he asks. In addition, sleep-relieving drugs are applied after endoscopy if necessary. After the procedure is completed, the patient can be at work one or two hours later. But we don't want him to drive that day and do things that require extreme attention.
So what kind of process is this?
The work is as follows: 8-10 millimeters thick, an extremely soft pipe from the esophagus to the stomach and the duodenum can be seen and directed. The device is about 110-120 centimeters in length and has a camera on its end and reflects the areas it passes through on a television screen. The doctor can see these images and see the inner surface of the patient and make the diagnosis. During this procedure, the patient's pulse status and oxygen level are monitored. If necessary, parts can be taken for diagnosis (biopsy) or therapeutic procedures such as stopping bleeding and removing polyps can be performed. The process is completed in 3-5 minutes. I need at least 6 hours of hunger beforehand.
Does hunger aggravate gastritis?
Long-term fasting in gastritis can often increase symptoms. Sometimes complaints are more intense on an empty stomach, while others may have post-meal complaints, especially bloating, tension, gas and burping. The type of food can also affect the symptoms. Spices, oil, fries, acidic beverages and fruits, pickles and vinegar are among the pests.
Is smoking and alcohol effective in gastritis?
Smoking has very negative effects on the digestive system. In particular, nicotine increases gastric acid secretion and causes negativity. In addition, nicotine causes loosening of the gastric entrance gate and leads to reflux disease. Delays recovery. Alcohol has a direct irritant effect. Cigarette and alcohol are known to affect vessels and are thus harmful.
Diagnosis takes several hours
What are the symptoms of gastritis?
Burning in the stomach, bloating, discomfort, sudden onset of acute gastritis
pain, nausea and vomiting. Blood in the vomit and stool may occur in bleeding gastritis due to drug and alcohol. There may be weakness and fainting. In such cases, consult a doctor.
How's the bleeding?
Small sores occur on the skin of the stomach due to drugs and alcohol. These wounds can be numerous and bleed in the form of oozing. People who have bleeding sometimes have red blood in their vomit and sometimes coffee grounds. In addition, blackening of the stool is a symptom of bleeding in the stomach.
What kind of complaints should the patient consult with which specialist doctor?
A gastroenterologist should be consulted. However, the person may not always be able to find a gastroenterologist. Then the address to go to internal medicine, internal medicine doctor, if it does not have to be a digestive system surgeon.
So when the person goes to the doctor, what are the stages of diagnosis?
First of all, the doctor has to talk to the patient and listen to his / her complaints. What the patient says is an important part of the doctor's diagnosis. During the examination, the doctor determines the necessary tests and directs the patient to perform. If stomach complaints are predominantly, two ways can be followed. The first way is drug treatment according to the findings without examinations. If the patient does not benefit from the treatment, examinations are performed. The second way is to conduct a direct examination. Endoscopy is one of the most important diagnostic tools. If there is bleeding, endoscopy should be performed. Abdominal ultrasonography, some blood tests and fecal analysis may also be added.
How long will it take for all of this to take place?
Diagnosis is actually about the possibilities at hand. If the patient has a laboratory and an endoscopy device, the duration of the tests is very short. All these steps take place within a few hours and the result is achieved. You need to be hungry for endoscopy and some blood tests.
Abdominal pressure: reflux
After dinner, it's called reflux. Reflux, which causes symptoms such as burning in the esophagus, chest pain and cough, is seen more frequently due to increased intra-abdominal pressure in obese people.
Reflux has taken its place in stomach diseases. Professor Dr. Kadir Bal, food to the mouth of the reflux he recounted:
What is reflux?
Whatever's in the stomach is his coming into the esophagus and mouth. Reflux after meals is normal up to a certain number. Edible foods, if there is stomach acid, saffron comes to the mouth creates reflux. Pepsin secreted from the stomach may also be present.
Is reflux a disease?
Reflux is usually a stomach related event that can occur after every meal, which can occur 10-15 times a day. However, the condition that causes this complaint is called reflux disease. Reflux disease can have many symptoms related to different organs: burning in the esophagus, chest pain, pain and swallowing sensation during swallowing, coughing, hoarseness in the throat, seizures in the form of asthma attacks, hiccups, hiccups, feeling as if there is an object at the lower end of the chest, burning and indigestion Genellikle Generally, when something is eaten, something to drink with gasses may be due to the enlargement of the stomach and the compression of the air in the stomach, some back-missings. However, in order for this to be a disease, some symptoms have to occur that will disturb the person.
Can reflux be the cause or result of a disease? For example, can reflux occur before or after an ulcer?
Reflux is caused mainly by the malfunction of the gate located in the stomach passage under the esophagus. There are other accompanying factors. For example, the gastric emptying of the stomach is not good, or there is a narrowing of the stomach exit to prevent the emptying of the stomach causes reflux. This narrowing can often be caused by ulcers. In such cases, the formation of reflux becomes easier. In addition, pulmonary infection and chronic pharyngitis, which we call reflux-induced aspiration pneumonia, may also occur.
Why does reflux occur?
There is a pressure-operated door just below the esophagus. There is a deterioration of the operation of this door, ie temporary or continuous reductions in door pressure. Many factors are effective in decreasing and increasing this door pressure. For example, factors such as nutrition, stress, problems with gastric emptying, structural disturbances at this gate can cause reflux and reflux disease. Irritating substances such as acid, bile, pepsin from the stomach will damage the lower part of the esophagus and all areas until it reaches. Acid burns the skin in this region, stimulates nerve endings and creates pain and burning. Another cause of reflux is the increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Especially in overweight patients, as a result of the compression of the fat mass inside and outside the abdomen, gastric contents escape backwards. In pregnancy, reflux may occur with this logic. As the baby grows, the mother's stomach pressure increases and escapes from the stomach upwards.
Is there a high risk for fat people?
Yes, reflux is more common in fat people. The reason is increased intra-abdominal pressure with fat. Therefore, we want fat patients with reflux primarily to weaken. Because intra-abdominal pressure increases with fats, escapes back from the stomach become more frequent.
Causes hoarseness?
Acid and bile from the stomach during reflux irritates the vocal cords. It creates an edema there. Consequently, the sound is reduced, bifurcation occurs. Treatment of reflux also eliminates this problem.
Confused with asthma due to symptoms
Pain in the upper part of the stomach, burning sensation in the stomach, feeling of pressure in the chest, chest pain, dry cough, especially the arrival of stomach contents into the mouth at night. These nightly escapes can cause significant problems. Since the person is unconscious while sleeping, these substances coming up from his stomach can escape to the trachea and the patient wakes up coughing. Sometimes even reflux manifests itself with symptoms similar to those of an asthma attack. Patients may be followed up for asthma for a long time. It can be considered as unsuccessful treatment and may cause unnecessary drug use and frequent changes. Sore throat and stuck sensation, symptoms of chronic pharyngitis also reflux
frequently seen. Sometimes even acid and other substances in the stomach escape to the patient's trachea in such a great extent that it can cause pneumonia. Hoarseness and hiccups are other symptoms of reflux.
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