What is Sinusitis? How is it treated?
What is Sinusitis?
Sinusitis; It is called inflammation of the mucosa that lays the sinus cavities. Sinuses in our body; These are air-filled spaces with ducts on our forehead, face, and nose around our nose. There are four anatomically located sinuses: frontal sinuses on the forehead, ethmoid sinuses around the eye, maxillary sinuses on both cheeks, and sphenoid sinuses above the nasal base. Ethmoid and maxillary sinuses are present at birth. Frontal and sphenoid sinus development is completed in adolescence.
Sinuses are ventilated every time you breathe through the nose. The sinuses have the duties of heating and humidifying the air passing through the nose, relieving the weight of the skull due to the fact that they are filled with air, and providing the timbre and character of the sound.
Diseases that prevent air from entering the sinuses, ie, obstructing the opening of the sinus into the nose, disrupting the function of the drainage canal system (muco-ciliary activity) that drain the sinus into the nose, and diseases that alter the content and consistency of the outbreak cause sinus inflammation. Sinusitis; It is not a primary disease but always a secondary disease, which means that it is caused by another cause or consequence of another disease. Sinus infections are classified as acute and chronic infections. Acute infections are sudden onset and can be treated with treatment within four weeks. Infections extending from four weeks to twelve weeks are called subacute sinusitis and those lasting more than twelve weeks are called chronic sinusitis.
Causes of Sinusitis;
As a result of upper airway infections,
Septum deviation (cartilage bone curvature),
Nasal swelling (growth of turbinates),
Cauterization of middle nose meat (concha bullosa),
Allergic fever (with the growth of nasal flesh),
Nasal drop addiction,
Genetic diseases,
Nasal polyps and cancers,
Immune system diseases (AIDS, chemotherapy).
What are the Symptoms of Sinusitis?
Throbbing pain around the eyes and face,
Headache (headache due to sinusitis; 10% of all headaches, not every headache is sinusitis),
Yellow and green discharge from the nose and nasal passages,
Bad breath, taste disorder,
Pain in the teeth,
Anorexia, cough, nausea, vomiting, fever in children.
How to diagnose sinusitis?
Patient's history (facial pain, pressure sensation, fullness, facial swelling, nasal congestion, nasal odor, toothache, runny nose, ear pain, etc.),
Otorhinolaryngology and endoscopic examination,
Investigations and blood tests for causal diseases,
Paranasal sinus tomography.
How is sinusitis treated?
Antibiotics in acute sinusitis (treatment should be continued for at least two weeks),
Nasal sprays,
Treatment of diseases that cause sinusitis,
Allergic rhinitis treatment,
Cortisone sprays and antihistamines in chronic sinusitis with polyps,
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is performed for sinusitis that do not respond to medical treatment for two months or more.
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