How is sinusitis treated?
The air gaps in the bones surrounding our nose are called sinuses. We have a total of eight sinuses, four in the right and left sides, in the forehead, cheek bones, the ethmoid bone between the eyes and the sphenoid bone in the head. The membrane structure called the mucosa lining the sinuses produces half to one liter of slime per day, which is produced by small hairs that whip the mucous surface.
The sinuses are transported into the drainage canals and transferred from here into the nose. Sinusitis generally refers to the inflammation of the mucosa that lays the sinus cavities.
The most common causes of sinusitis are the proliferation of micro-organisms in the secretion that accumulates in the sinuses as a result of the system not carrying out the normal secretions produced in the sinuses to the discharge channel or the blockage of the discharge channel.
Less common causes of sinusitis include penetrating traumas, infections of the tooth roots adjacent to the sinuses, and microorganisms that enter the sinuses through the bloodstream. Viral upper respiratory tract infections are the most common cause of sinusitis by disrupting the system that transports secretions in the sinuses. The most common factors that cause sinusitis as a result of narrowing or obstruction of sinus emptying channels are diseases such as allergies, polyps, and anatomical disorders such as intranasal curvature and nasal flesh growth.
In upper respiratory infections usually caused by viruses, complaints last longer than 5-6 days and the secretions inside the nose turn from yellow to green should suggest sinusitis.
Treatment of sinusitis
Medical treatment and surgical treatment are used in the treatment of sinusitis. Sinusitis is a disease that usually responds well to medical treatment when diagnosed early in the so-called acute sinusitis.
The aim of the medical treatment is to provide the discharge of the secretions accumulated in the sinuses and air entry into the sinuses by opening the blocked sinus emptying channels.
Main medical treatment methods in sinusitis
- Protective measures
- Support treatments
- Drug treatments
Preventive measures are the control of factors such as lack of oxygen in the respiratory air, pollution, drying and cigarette smoke, which affect the sinus function and pave the way for the formation of sinusitis and have a negative effect on healing.
Inadequate fluid intake or excessive water loss reduces the viscosity and viscosity of slime secretion, making it difficult to clean the sinuses. Therefore, it is recommended to consume at least 2 liters of warm water per day during treatment.
Avoiding the presence of allergens causing allergies in patients with known allergies will contribute to the treatment positively.
The most important application that supports the drug treatment is the removal of crust and inflamed secretions accumulated in the nose with the help of sprays or apparatus containing the appropriate concentration of saline.
Antibiotics are the most important drugs used in the treatment of sinusitis. Antibiotic therapy should be applied for at least 10 days in patients presenting in the early stages of sinusitis.
Surgical treatment is generally preferred for sinusitis due to obstruction of sinus canals by large polyps in the nose and in the presence of complications caused by the spread of inflammation in the sinuses.
Sinusitis surgery
Today, endoscopic sinus surgery is the standard method used in sinusitis operations. Endoscopic sinus surgery is performed under the sight of fine cameras inserted through the nostrils without any incision from outside and using sensitive surgical instruments.
Basic objectives in endoscopic operations in chronic sinus diseases
- Removal of inflamed tissues and polyps in the sinus area
- Opening and expanding the obstructed discharge channels of the sinuses
- Correction of various anatomical problems that pave the way for sinusitis by narrowing the sinus canals
In the anatomically narrow and complex region, the brain, eyes, visual nerves, tear ducts, carcinomas of the endoscopic sinus surgery performed in the vicinity of important structures such as the success of the surgery in this area, the doctor's training, experience and technical skills as well as technological facilities and surgical equipment play an important role There.
In order to achieve good results in sinus surgery, surgical cameras that provide a very clear image, optical systems to see different angles and special surgical instruments that protect normal tissues while interfering with diseased tissues should be used.
Since postoperative care plays an important role on the results of endoscopic sinus operations, control and dressings should be performed at regular intervals until wound healing is completed in the sinus region.
Non-surgical face lift (ultherapy)
Nowadays, many treatment methods are applied to eliminate the negative effects of aging on face and neck skin. Most of these methods are aimed at removing superficial wrinkles or replacing volume losses in various parts of the face and have no significant effects on the relaxation and sagging associated with the reduction of collagen which provides flexibility and firmness in subcutaneous tissues over the years.
The most effective method for the treatment of loosening and sagging of the face and neck skin is surgery, but there are alternative methods for those who do not want to consider the risks and costs associated with surgery, or who do not have the problem to require surgery.
One of the most preferred methods of facial and neck skin tightening, which is an alternative to surgery, is FDA approved Ultherapy technology that provides collagen production by increasing collagen production in different carrier layers of the skin.
During the Ultherapy application carried out with the Ulthera device, microscopic heat damages caused by ultrasound waves in the carrier connective tissue layers of 3 and 4.5 mm depth of the skin surface are stimulated and new collagen production is stimulated.
This technology, which can be applied to the neck, tibia, cheeks, eye area and décolleté, is followed by the ultrasound screen to monitor the application area, and this technology is advantageous compared to other methods applied for the same purpose.
Daily activities can be returned immediately after the application, there is no special situation to be taken into consideration or no precautions to be taken.
Sleep endoscopy in the diagnosis of snoring and sleep apnea
Sleep apnea means that breathing decreases or stops completely as a result of the tissues surrounding the airway relax and collapse and block the air duct during breathing during sleep.
Sleep apnea, which is a very serious health problem, causes problems such as sleepiness, fatigue, weight gain, depression, headache during the day due to oxygen deficiency, as well as the structures called receptors in the walls of the vessels and the brain that perceive the lack of oxygen in the blood to generate signals that stimulate the heart. as high blood pressure, chronic heart disease or severe heart rhythm deterioration and cardiac arrest may have consequences.
In order to successfully treat sleep apnea, it is necessary to determine the cause of the problem, ie the region of the airway obstruction.
Although sleep tests, which are considered as the most important method in the diagnosis of apnea and show the presence and degree of apnea, do not show the cause of the problem, ie the occlusion site. For this reason, the patients who were diagnosed with apnea by sleep test were performed firstly for the palate region, interventions to the tongue root or pressure sleep masks were preferred in the patients who could not be solved in this way. With the recently applied sleep endoscopy method, it has become possible to determine the exact location and shape of the airway obstruction that causes respiratory arrest and to choose the correct treatment methods.
Ultrasonic Piezosurgery in Nose Esthetics
Piezoelectric devices, which were first used in jaw surgery in 2001, have recently been used in the aesthetic nose surgeries to cut and shape bone tissues. While ultrasonic vibrations produced by devices working with piezoelectric principles provide a cutting effect on the nasal bones, the most important feature of this technology is the absence of any damage to the soft tissues such as mucous membranes, vessels and nerves.
The active inserts that function during the operation of piezoelectric devices show microscopic vibration in the up - down and forward - backward direction and it is sufficient to apply a much less pressure on the bones than the mechanical devices used for the same purpose for the effect of the cutting.
The most important advantages obtained by using piezoelectric devices in aesthetic nose surgeries can be listed as follows:
- Precise incisions in the bones of the nose at the desired location and feature, while the damage to the neighboring mucosa and vessels does not occur and bleeding, less bruising around the eyes after surgery,
- Bone healing is 60% faster than standard mechanical techniques in incision with piezosurgery
- With this technology, cutting to the bones of the nose can be done in addition to shaping
easier to obtain soft and smooth nose lines
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