LIGHT POLLUTION
As the residential areas grow day by day, the open areas are illuminated with strong illuminators, the number of parks and gardens multiplied, and the population increases, so the amount of light emitted into the sky increases day by day. Briefly, the side effects of incorrect external lighting that are made as necessary or unnecessary can be defined as light pollution. Light pollution is park, garden, environment and street lighting by non-experts. When providing information about light pollution, three basic components should be mentioned.
1-Thunder flare
2-Light overflow beyond the boundaries of the region to be illuminated
3-glare
As with all environmental pollution, light pollution affects the environment by damaging the environment and disrupting the usual appearance of the sky. False sources of light directed to the sky are exposed to dust particles and molecules in the atmosphere, making the sky bright by disrupting the natural fund, disrupting vision at night, reducing safety and comfort, damaging human health, existing ecosystems and animals. On the other hand, energy production is produced with high expenditures in our country. At the same time, we are an externally dependent country in providing the necessary energy. All unnecessary and unplanned lighting is an undeniable fact that wastes energy.
Thunder
Night sky glare can occur from natural or artificial sources.
Natural resources:
Moon and sunlight reflected from the earth
Low air brightness in the upper layers of the atmosphere
Sunlight reflected from a cloud of dust between planets
Stellar light emitted in the atmosphere
Faint is the backlight of stars and nebula that have not yet formed. The nebula is space objects or diffuse cosmic dust masses and gas seen as vague light spots.
The artificial source that increases the sky flare is electrical lighting. Light can be emitted directly from the luminaires to the sky, or the light reflected from the earth can be scattered by the dust and gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating a bright background. It has an inhibitory effect on seeing stars. The flare level is highly variable depending on weather conditions, the amount of dust and gas in the atmosphere, the amount of light reflected in the sky, and the viewing angle. In bad weather, the number of particles that emit light into the atmosphere is higher and the amount of light and energy wasted becomes visible due to the high glare.
Light overflow beyond the boundaries of the zone to be illuminated
Light pollution is an increasing danger to the environment at night. As a result of the overflow of the lighting beyond the boundaries of the region to be illuminated, it may create a distracting landscape by causing negative consequences in undesirable places. In addition, the wrong lighting costs energy wastes. The most important point is quality lighting. If measures are taken, the quality of the lighting can be improved. In this way, night vision quality increases and a safer and more aesthetically pleasing environment can be created. This leads to a reduction in energy costs.
glare
Outdoor lighting fixtures should be placed in a way that does not create physiological and psychological glare.
How to Prevent Light Pollution
The main obstacle to controlling light pollution is apathy and insensitivity to this problem. Light pollution is not considered an environmental problem and an uncomfortable effect. Since air pollution or other environmental problems are not as serious as they are, light pollution is not seen as an urgent problem. Lighting of streets, streets and places frequently used by the community at night is of great importance for safety. On the other hand, excess light does not mean good and quality lighting.
In order to reduce light pollution, the following items should be paid attention.
• It is necessary to prevent the light from turning to the sky and direct it towards the place to be illuminated. To prevent the emission of light parallel to the earth, the light should either be cut off or kept in very low profile housings as much as possible.
• Use energy-saving lamps that do not shine in all directions. Low-pressure sodium lamps do not cut light completely or are not a very low profile housing. High pressure sodium lamps, on the other hand, are more widely accepted because they reduce the amount of light parallel to the sky.
• Over-lighting should be avoided. Using the right amount of light for any job according to accepted standards will reduce the amount of reflected light that causes light pollution.
• Unnecessary night lighting, partially decorative floodlights, commercial and advertising lighting, sports field floodlights should be switched off from midnight to early morning.
• Projector type luminaires used for the illumination of the building exterior and billboards should be selected and directed only to illuminate the area to be illuminated. Where possible, the lighting should be directed from top to bottom.
• In parks and gardens, the use of glop type luminaires, which send a large amount of light to the sky, should be avoided. Instead of this, suitable direct or semi-direct luminaires should be used in walking paths, which create horizontal and vertical illumination levels at values given by international recommendations.
• Instead of lighting the streets which are heavily open to vehicle traffic in metropolitan cities with a large number of pole lamps, it would be appropriate to use a cat eye or glowing substances to attract the attention of the drivers to the roadside.
• Street lights that start to light automatically with photocell may sometimes light in the early hours due to diminished solar lights. Although this process provides convenience, it causes more injections to be spent. Instead, it would be more appropriate to switch these lights on and off manually according to the hours.
• Local governments and media should be interested in reducing the light pollution and necessary arrangements should be made.
What is the right lighting?
As a simple rule, if the light source is seen directly from a distance, this is bad lighting. You will not see the dazzling lamp in good lighting. You will only see the area illuminated by the lamp. In well-regulated exterior lighting, there is no glare in the illuminated area. Unnecessary and extremely strong light sources are not used. There is no problem of light pollution in cities with a good exterior lighting system.
Effect of light pollution on living things
Light pollution adversely affects the lives of all living things. Light pollution is also a serious danger for migratory birds. Birds who find their way by using stars at night can lose their way by being attracted by the city lights. Bird deaths that occur in this way are at a rate that cannot be underestimated. It is a known fact that sea turtles are also negatively affected by light pollution. The tiny turtles hatching from the eggs on the beach reach the sea at night by making use of the light difference between land and sea. Strong lighting in the settlements close to the beach can lead the turtles to the opposite direction instead of the sea and cause their death.
37AXX
SAKOBS Light Therapy Lamp LED Upgraded Therapy Light with Timer and 360? Rotational Holder, UV-Free 10000 Lux & 3 Adjustable Brightness & Compact Size Sun Lights Therapy Box for Happy Life
