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Menopause Period from A to Z

What is Menopause?

Menopause is one of the most important turning points in our women's lives. The meaning of the word is to end the mores and the end of fertility. However, the actual word meaning is the last menstrual bleeding. Menopause is a natural and normal condition defined as the last menstrual period when a woman does not have menstruation for 12 consecutive months in the absence of other causes.

Transition from fertile to non-fertile.

The average age of menopause is around 51 years.

In premenopausal

It is called the pre-menopausal period from the time of the first symptoms to menopause. It is the period during which menstrual irregularities occur before menopause, such as the menstruation becoming more frequent for about 3-5 years.

perimenopause

It usually starts with the symptoms of menopause about 1 year before the last menstrual period and ends after 1 year.

Menopause

Latest menstruation

What are the Symptoms of Menopause?

• Flushing,
• Trouble,
• Sweating,
• Palpitations
• Depression (mental depression),
• Weakness
• Decrease in libido, sometimes against sexual intercourse
• Bone resorption (osteoporosis)
• Tendency to develop atherosclerosis
• Dryness in sexual organs,
• Painful relationship
• Mental Tension,
• Easy to get angry,
• Insomnia,
• Forgetfulness,
• Tension,
• Closure,

How is it diagnosed?

The most important prerequisite for minimizing the negative effects of menopause is the early diagnosis and initiation of early treatment. Because menopause losses are the highest in the first years. Menopause occurs mainly due to ovulation cessation (natural) or removal of the ovaries (surgery) or damage to the ovaries.
A woman who does not have menstruation for 1 year after the age of 40 and has complaints can be admitted to menopause without further research. During the transition period to menopause, pregnancy and malignant diseases that cause irregular bleeding should be distinguished.

For this reason, if the ovarian stimulating hormone (FSH, LH) levels in the blood taken on the 3rd day of menstruation are increased in a woman who has rare menstruation, flushing, palpitation, sweating and psychological changes, the diagnosis is made more precisely and early and treatment can be started immediately. In a woman with irregular (usually sparse) menstruation, if FSH is above 40 pg / ml, menopause is definitely diagnosed. If the FSH value is between 25-40 pg / ml, it is thought that the process of entering menopause starts but it may occur in ovulation and pregnancy. However, pregnancy and other diseases causing irregular bleeding should be investigated by pregnancy test, ultrasonography and endometrial biopsy (curettage) etc. in any case.

How is it treated?

HORMONE TREATMENT

Since the main disorder or deficiency is the reduction of estrogen hormone, the main treatment is to give estrogen hormone. As soon as the diagnosis is made, if there are no drawbacks for the patient;
-Oral
- With skin-taped bands or gels applied
- It is essential to start estrogen replacement therapy by vaginal route.

Barriers to hormone use:

• New heart attacks (myocardial infarction)
• Transient ischemic attack
• Previous stroke (cerebrovascular event), cerebral vascular obstructions
• Impaired liver function
• Presence of tumor progressing with estrogen (Breast, uterus)
• Vascular occlusion with intravascular coagulation
Cautious and controlled conditions:
• Ischemic heart disease (malnutrition due to arteriosclerosis)
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Gallbladder diseases and stone
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat, cholesterol, blood)
• Migraine headaches
• Fibroids (tumors in the uterus)

Prior to the initiation of hormone treatment, the patient should be aware of the possible side effects and long-term use of these drugs, and should be pre-prepared.

Preliminary research: General body and gynecological examination, blood pressure, weight, weight measurement, Liver functions (liver enzymes in blood, fats, cholesterol are measured), Blood and urine examination (general control), Cervical smear (Swab taken to investigate cervical cancer), Mammography (Breast Cancer Screening), Endometrial Biopsy and / or Vaginal Ultrasound Measurement of Endometrial Thickness (Screening of Uterine Cancer), Fasting Blood Sugar (Diabetes Research), Electrocardiography (Cardiac Crisis or Malnutrition), Bone Density Measurements (Preventing Fractures) and the need for other drugs). These tests are repeated at least 1 year intervals depending on the patient's condition.

HORMONE FREE TREATMENT

It usually includes drugs and methods used not directly against menopause, but against diseases caused by it (osteoporosis, etc.).
Calcium supplements, Vitamin D, Diet (Calcium-rich diet is essential. Milk, yogurt, cheese etc. diet is tried to prevent bone loss.), Exercise (Every day 30 minutes walking and simple weight lifting, muscle strengthening movements, medicines are as important.), Summer In order to benefit from sunlight (ultra-viole), regular sunbathing is beneficial.

TREATMENT OF DISEASES

Although the aim is to prevent diseases, appropriate treatments are performed when it cannot be prevented.

Osteoclasis; If fracture occurs, appropriate treatment is provided and rehabilitation is provided by physical therapy. Pain and respiratory distress caused by humpback due to fractures are tried to be assisted by physical therapy and appropriate instruments. The house should be rearranged according to the patient to prevent the formation of fractures. Handles are attached to the sides of stairs, bathroom and toilet. Special battery or generator lamps can be placed on the stairs to prevent crashes and falls during power cuts. Slippery covering materials (carpets, rugs, etc.) can be fixed.

Urinary Incontinence; It depends on sagging of the bladder neck or increased bladder activity (detrusor instability). Surgery in cases with increased bladder neck mobility; In the case of urinary incontinence due to untimely contractions of the bladder muscle, medications, physical therapy and / or treatments based on electrical simulation of the bladder are suitable. The treatment should be decided by an expert physician, laboratory and urodynamic (computerized recording of filling, voiding and incontinence pressures of the bladder). In poorly selected patients, treatment may not improve urinary incontinence and may increase.

Recommendations for comfortable menopause

- Stay away from alcohol and cigarette
- Take care of your diet (Eat calcium-rich milk and dairy products)
- Do not consume spicy and spicy foods
- Exercise 30 minutes a day
- Include soy products and legumes in your meals
- Get a Hobby
- Take your time
- Share your feelings with your partner and friends
- Be under the doctor's supervision.

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What is menstrual irregularity? Causes menstrual irregularity?

Every healthy woman entering the reproductive period sees menstrual bleeding on average in 28 days. After the first menstruation during puberty, it is normal for menstrual irregularity and menstrual delay to occur for 12 to 18 months until the hormonal order is restored. The same applies to women at the onset of menopause. During puberty or when menopause starts to increase, the body needs a certain period of time to get used to the new order. However, during the reproductive period and every woman who is healthy, menstrual period is 28 days. Menstrual bleeding, which occurs regularly at 21 to 35 days intervals according to the menstrual calendar of women, lasts about 5 to 7 days. It is normal to replace approximately 4 to 5 pads per day during this time. If the menstrual cycle differs from person to person is less than 21 days, frequent menstrual period is mentioned, and if menstrual period is seen in 36 days or less, menstrual period is mentioned. In order for the menstrual cycle to take place, different parts of the body must work in harmony. The problem in one or more regions leads to menstrual irregularities. Before answering the frequently asked question of menstrual irregularity, what is menstrual bleeding and menstrual irregularity?

What is menstrual irregularity?
Menstruation that is earlier or later than the normal cycle of a person is called menstrual irregularity. The menstrual irregularity as well as the menstrual delay causes the hypothalamus, the pituitary, the ovary and the uterus to work in full harmony and plays an important role in the formation of menstrual order. The menstrual cycle, which is regularly repeated every month from the first hemorrhage during puberty until the menopause, occurs every 21 to 35 days, in other words an average of 28 days. In order to detect menstrual irregularity, the number of days between the first day of menstrual bleeding and the first period in the following period should be noted. Menstrual irregularity can be mentioned in the presence of bleeding that occurs less than 21 days and more than 35 days. In addition, the absence of bleeding in 3 or more periods, the amount and duration of bleeding is less or more than usual and bleeding outside the menstrual period is considered to be menstrual irregularity. During the control of menstrual bleeding possible hemorrhoids and so on. rectum hemorrhage that may develop depending on the formation. Disorders affecting menstrual order are defined as follows:

Hypermenorrhea: Menstrual bleeding is more than normal
Hypomenorrhea: less than normal amount of bleeding
Menometrorrhagia: Excessive bleeding at irregular intervals
Menorrhagia: Menstrual period prolongation
Metroragia: Irregular intervals of menstrual bleeding
Oligomenorrhea: Two menstrual cycles more than 35 days. Sparse menstruation.
Polymenorrhea: Two cycles less than 21 days. Frequent menstruation.

Causes menstrual irregularity?
Menstrual irregularity is a wide range of reasons and varies from person to person. Menstrual irregularity, mainly caused by hormonal changes, menopause, diabetes, depression, smoking, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cysts, absence of eggs in the egg reserve, fibroids, polyps, uterine and ovarian cancers, endometrial hyperplasia, can be seen in many different conditions . In the presence of hypothyroidism known as inadequate secretion of thyroid hormones and hyperthyroidism which is defined as excessive secretion of thyroid hormone may also cause menstrual irregularity. Like diabetes, low body weight is one of the factors that adversely affect reproductive functions and ovulation, and thus causes menstrual irregularities. Some medicinal and herbal medicines that are used regularly, especially contraceptives and pills the next day, lead to disruption of the menstrual cycle. Early menopause, some chronic diseases, heavy exercise, coagulation disorders, rapid weight gain, liver and kidney diseases, sudden climatic and environmental changes are among the causes of menstrual irregularity. In addition, unbalanced nutrition and stress are among the main factors disrupting the menstrual cycle. Stress, which can upset hormonal balance in a single moment, is a common cause of menstrual irregularity.

How is menstrual irregularity diagnosed?

The patient is admitted to the physician with menstrual irregularity. The interval, period and amount of bleeding are questioned in detail. After taking a family history, the presence of drugs used and menopause are questioned. After physical and gynecological examination, ultrasound is observed in the uterus in detail by hysteroscopy if necessary. In case of cervical cancer suspicion, smear test and, if necessary, biopsy from the uterus are taken and suspected cervical cancer is ruled out. Serum progesterone test to determine whether ovulation. In case of suspected adenomyosis, detailed imaging is performed with MRI. Furthermore, possible abnormalities at the hormonal level are detected by detailed laboratory tests. It is investigated whether there is a problem with coagulation. The hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus, which play a role in the formation of a healthy menstrual cycle, are controlled in detail. In the light of all radiological tests and laboratory tests, the causative agent is determined.

What is menstruation?
Menstrual bleeding that begins with puberty is a healthy condition that occurs on average every 28 days until menopause. Every woman who is in reproductive period regularly enters menstruation. In order for menstruation to occur every month and at regular intervals, many organs in the body must perform their functions correctly. The hypothalamus region in the brain stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH hormones. Egg follicles in the ovarian reserve are stimulated by increasing hormone levels into the blood. The ripening and cracking process of the eggs starts in this way. The follicle, in which the eggs are contained, secretes the hormone estrogen with the cracking of the egg. With the released estrogen, the endometrium, known as the intrauterine wall, begins to thicken for possible pregnancy. In the meantime, if the egg, which progresses from the fallopian tubes into the uterus, does not meet the male reproductive cell sperm, estrogen secretion decreases and progesterone production increases. This change in hormonal order causes the loss of intrauterine tissue prepared for possible pregnancy. Tissue spilled through the uterus is thrown out through the vaginal route and thus menstrual bleeding occurs. This procedure repeats on average every 28 days for the regular formation of the menstrual cycle.

How is menstrual irregularity treated?
Although menstrual irregularities seen once or twice during the same calendar year are considered normal, irregularities above this limit require diagnosis and treatment. For this reason, it is important that menstrual dates should be followed regularly since the first period. The duration and amount of menstrual bleeding should also be checked. In order to determine the appropriate treatment method, the factor causing the menstrual irregularity should be determined. After the detailed gynecological examination, radiological examination and laboratory tests, the appropriate medication or surgical treatment method is determined. Laparoscopic hysteroscopy, commonly known as closed surgery, is performed in the presence of polyp or fibroids in the ovary cyst and cervix or in the uterus. Cases of menstrual irregularity other than this type of organic factors, usually develops due to hormonal disorder. In such cases, by applying medicated treatment, hormonal balance is established and menstrual irregularity is eliminated. For a healthy life, do not forget to have regular checks.


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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is the Private Pension System?
The Private Pension System is a private pension system that enables individuals to earn an income in which they can maintain their living standards during their retirement periods by directing the savings they make during their active working lives to long-term investment. By participating voluntarily in this system, people can provide an additional income to the pension income provided by the social security system.
The system is based on collecting, evaluating the contributions / savings and paying the person money or salary.

When did the system start?
The Private Pension Savings and Investment System Law was adopted on March 28, 2001 and the number 24336 of 7 April 2001 was published in the Official Gazette. The law came into force on 7 October 2001, 6 months after its publication. On 27 October 2003, the pension companies started to operate with the approval of their first pension plans.

What is the purpose of the Private Pension System?
The primary objective of the Private Pension System is to provide an additional income during the retirement period by directing individuals' retirement savings to investment. Individual retirement thus increases the welfare of individuals during the retirement period when active working lives are over. The system also contributes to the country's development by creating long-term resources for the economy.

Is it necessary to be attached to the Social Security Institution or to be working in order to participate in the system?
Anyone with a license can be included in the system. There is no commitment or working condition regarding the Social Security Institution in the Private Pension System. The Private Pension System complements the compulsory social security system.

Individual Pension System, health and so on. services?
Private Pension System; It does not provide health services or other services available in the Social Security Institution.

Will the rights in the social security system lose their validity after joining the Private Pension System?
No. There is no commitment or working condition regarding the Social Security Institution in the Private Pension System. The rights arising from the social security institution will continue.

Is the Private Pension System safe?
Individual Pension System in Turkey, the world created by examining best practice, guaranteed by the state and is an example of a well-functioning system to show up. Pension activities of the companies The accounts and transactions of the Undersecretariat of Treasury, funds, portfolio managers and custodians of the Treasury are subject to the supervision of the Capital Markets Board (CMB).
The activities of pension companies are subject to daily supervision and supervision of the Undersecretariat of Treasury in order to ensure the safe and effective operation of the Private Pension System and to protect the rights and interests of the participants. The Undersecretariat of Treasury has assigned the Pension Monitoring Center to carry out this duty.

Is there a guarantee for death in the Private Pension System?
No. There is no death guarantee in the Private Pension System. However, if the participant dies during the contract period, all of his savings, state contributions and returns shall be paid to the beneficiaries or legal heirs specified in the pension contract, if any.

What is a private pension contract?
It is a contract regulating the principles and procedures regarding opening an individual pension account, paying contributions to the account, directing the paid contributions to investment in preferred funds and paying the accumulated funds to the right holders and other rights and obligations of the parties in this scope.

How many types of pension contracts are there? Who are the parties to the Convention?
The pension contract can be concluded as an individual or group pension contract. The group pension contract is issued as an individual or employer group pension contract linked to the group.
Private pension contract: A contract in which the company and the participant take part as part of the individual pension plan. Group private pension contract: It is a contract in which the company and the participant take part as a party depending on the group pension plan. Employer group pension agreement: A contract signed between a sponsoring organization and the company on the basis of an employment relationship or in favor of the participant and paid contribution by the sponsor on behalf of the participant.

How is the pension right earned from the system?
As of the date of entry into the Private Pension System, the company is entitled to retirement on condition that it is in the system for at least 10 years and completes the age of 56.

If there is more than one contract, does leaving the old one affect the entitlement to retirement?
Yes, the time spent on the system resulting from the terminated contract is lost. The date of entry into the system shall be changed according to the oldest contract in force.


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How is the ovulation period calculated in women?

A woman can usually become pregnant during the menstrual cycle. Having sexual intercourse on the day of ovulation or two days before may increase your pregnancy rate. Ovulation is one of the best times for pregnancy. How is ovulation in women calculated?

Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from the ovary. The egg then moves down the fallopian tube from which it can be fertilized. If the sperm is in the fallopian tube when the egg is released, the egg has a high chance of fertilizing and forming an embryo. Pregnancy is only technically possible if you have had sexual intercourse for five days before ovulation or on the day of ovulation. However, the most productive days are three days, including ovulation.

HOW IS THE EGG PERIOD CALCULATED?

The menstrual cycle is approximately 28 days and usually ranges from 24 to 35 days. The majority of women can ovulate between the 11th and 21st days of menstruation. Women calculate the ovulation period by different methods. Although ovulation takes place in the middle of the period, the day of ovulation may change. The spawning period may vary in every woman. In women with regular menstrual bleeding, ovulation can begin within an average of 14 days before bleeding begins. Beginning 3 days before these days and having sexual intercourse every 2-3 days helps to increase the pregnancy factor. It is difficult to determine the spawning period of those with irregular menstrual period, but ovulation may occur 2 weeks before the start of menstruation. Knowing when you ovulate helps you plan sexual intercourse at the right time and increase your chances of getting pregnant. You can make the correct determination by following your menstrual cycle in a schedule. To calculate the length of the menstrual cycle, record the first day of menstrual bleeding as the beginning, this is the 1st day. The last day of your cycle is the day before the next period starts.


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Menstrual messenger of menstrual irregularity

Women's 'menstrual' period, especially after the 40s become irregular, 'menopause' herald

The produce menstruation olan, which is an indicator of productivity in women, becomes irregular especially after the 40s, and may be the precursor of men menopause an which is defined as the end of ovulation.

Gynecology and Obstetrics Specialist Dr. Hakan Şatıroğlu said that the quality of ovulation decreases in women in their 40s and menstrual irregularities can be seen.

Şatıroğlu warned that menstrual irregularities in women over the age of 40 may be indicative of early menopause or ovarian failure. He stated that when menstrual irregularity starts, a doctor should be consulted and the process should be under the control of a physician.

Şatıroğlu, menstrual irregularity that begins with menopause period varies from person to person, usually this process lasted 4-5 years, he said. In this period, the number and quality of the egg cells in the ovary is now expressed as a decrease in the quality and number of eggs, '' This decrease in the quality and number of eggs, disrupts the order of the menstrual cycle. While menstruation is gradually delayed, menstrual intervals are gradually being opened. Some women begin to experience bleeding more than normal and long, '' he said. Şatıroğlu, some women in this period, such as frequent periods of menstrual symptoms, such as emerged underlined.


"PULSING CAN CONTINUE"
Stating that the ovulation and menstrual cycle, which continues regularly throughout the reproductive period, is interrupted by the pre-menopausal period, Şatıroğlu stated that women over the age of 40 can be menstruated even if they are irregular. Şatıroğlu, '' The most qualified of the egg cells in the ovarian pool in the reproductive age are used during the most suitable reproductive age of the woman and this ensures a high pregnancy rate. However, as the age progresses, matured eggs of lower quality and pregnancy rates gradually fall, '' he said.

This process continues until the eggs in the ovary reserve depleted Şatıroğlu, at the end of the menopause period, he said.


"THE PROTECTION TO MENOPAUSE"
Şatıroğlu, menopause in the period of introduction of ovulation, although the possibility of pregnancy, underlining the possibility of pregnancy, '' Some menstrual spawning period, but sometimes ovulation occurs and the mother is ready for pregnancy. Therefore, women whose menstrual periods have not been completely aborted should continue to use one of the modern methods of prevention until they enter menopause if they do not have pregnancy wishes - an increased risk for pregnancies over 40 years of age.

Although menstrual irregularities in older women are the markers of the pre-menopausal period, Şatıroğlu emphasized that the only reason may not be menopause. Regardless of age, the reason of irregularity should be determined by physician control. Şatıroğlu, uterine fibroids, polyps and various ovarian structures may cause menstrual irregularities, recalling such symptoms should be done once a year gynecological examination, he said.

What is menopause?
On average, one third of women's lives go through menopause. The average age for menopause is around 45-55. Entering menopause before the age of 40 is defined as early menopause. Menopause is considered to be a natural stage of female life after the end of ovulation functions. Some changes in menopause can negatively affect the life of the woman and impair the quality of life.

The main change in menopause, the female hormone estrogen as a result of stopping ovulation occurs as a reduction. Thus, in women, fever, sweating, palpitations, insomnia, nervousness, depression (mental depression), forgetfulness, weakness, irritability, sometimes decreased sexual desire (libido), bone resorption (osteoporosis), arteriosclerosis (atherosclerosis) tendency to develop, sexual atrophy, dryness, painful intercourse and urinary incontinence.


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Irregular period

Every woman may experience menstrual irregularity from time to time during certain periods of her life. Arriving before or after the expected date can be described very briefly as arriving differently than expected.

The period from the beginning of one menstrual cycle to the beginning of another cycle is 21-35 days. Most women go through menstruation 11-13 times throughout the year. Values ​​close to this figure (1-2 or less) are considered normal. Therefore, an assessment can be made on the issue of menstrual irregularity only by looking at values ​​that are normal for the person.

The amount of pad used for one day should be 2-3 pieces, should not contain clots and bleeding period should not exceed 8 days. Deviations from these definitions can be perceived as menstrual irregularities.

During the first few years of menstruation, hormones may not be able to regulate and menstrual irregularities are normal.

The same applies to the im perimenopause ”and“ menopause ”periods, when menstruation approaches the end. Menopause, termed menopause, begins after 12 months have passed since the last menstrual period. Menstrual irregularities may also be seen in certain systemic diseases.

Amenorrhea is the condition when menstruation stops completely.

Frequent, early menstruation; The menstrual cycle lasts less than 21 days is called im polymenorrhea.. As a result, the number of menstrual bleeding seen in 1 year increases.

It should always be kept in mind that in the event of a frequent bleeding in a woman who has regular menstrual bleeding, this bleeding may actually be an intermediate bleeding.

Sparse menstruation, delays; Menstrual cycles last longer than 35 days are called omen oligomenorrhea.. As a result, menstrual bleeding occurs 3-4 times a year. Delayed menstruation is common in fertility.

Menstrual irregularities are generally caused by organic and hormonal reasons.



What does menstruation mean?

Menstruate; endometrium of the uterine tissue (bleeding).

The menstrual period can be divided into 3 phases:
- The follicular phase, in which the first term egg is selected and matures until it reaches a diameter of 20 mm.

- dönem Ovulation Phase ğı in which the second period mature egg is thrown from the ovary in the form of a small explosion.

- The third period is the Faz Secretory Phase ğı where the uterus is prepared until the embryo settles in case of pregnancy.



If this cycle continues with pregnancy, the intrauterine embryo changes with hormone levels and intrauterine special mechanisms. comes from the vagina.

What are the causes of menstrual irregularity?

Some of the reasons for menstrual irregularity may be listed as follows;

Stress: Too much weight gain or weight loss, insufficient nutrition and low-calorie diet programs, changes in exercise patterns, tension, diseases, travel and daily life differences, which can lead to disruption of menstrual order.
Birth Control Pills: The majority of birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progestin hormones (some of which contain only progestin). These pills prevent the ovaries from laying eggs, preventing them from becoming pregnant. The use or discontinuation of birth control pills may also cause changes in the menstrual cycle. The continuation of the menstrual cycle may improve again 6 months after the release of the pill. Women who use only a progestin contraceptive pill may experience bleeding between menstruation.
Uterine Polyps or Fibroids: Uterine polyps are small (usually non-cancerous) formations found in the inner layer of the uterus. Fibroids are usually benign tumors originating from the uterine muscle. Their dimensions can range from 0.5 mm to 10 to 15 cm. They can cause heavy bleeding and pain. They can put pressure on neighboring organs in relation to the size of the uterine fibroids.
Endometriosis: Endometriosis occurs when the endometrial tissue that surrounds the uterus and is discharged from the body with menstrual discharge every month begins to develop outside the uterus. The tissue can grow on the ovary, the six digestive tract, the region between the rectum and the uterus, the intestine, the fallopian tubes, and other organs in the region. Symptoms of endometriosis include cramps, pain during sexual intercourse, abnormal bleeding, pain before and after menstrual period, except for menstrual irregularity.
Pelvic Inflammatory disease: A type of infection that affects the female reproductive system. Bacteria entering the vagina through sexual contact can spread to the uterus and upper genital system. At the same time, the causative agents of this infection may sputter into the reproductive organs during abortions, abortions, abortions and similar interventions. Symptoms include menstrual irregularities, bad odor in the vagina, pain in the pelvis and lower abdomen, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe vaginal discharge.
Polycystic Ovary: In polycystic ovary syndrome, ovaries produce more androgens than normal. Thus, liquid-filled pouches, ie, cysts, can form. A high proportion of androgens prevents the development of eggs and prevents ovulation. This condition is mostly related to obesity, infertility and hirsutism.
Premature Ovarian Failure: This is especially the case in women under 40 years of age who do not fully fulfill the characteristics of the ovary. Menstrual bleeding is discontinued. It can be seen genetically or chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Other causes of menstrual irregularity can be listed as follows:
Excessive weight gain or weight loss
Exercise
Endometrial hyperplasia (thickening of the inner layer of the uterus)
Uterine cancer
Thyroid problems
Diabetes
Cirrhosis of the liver
Systemic lupus
Pregnancy complications (miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy)
Estrogen supplements
Use of blood thinners
Use of intrauterine devices for birth control
Steroids
Antidepressant use
Estrogen and / or progesterone imbalance


What can be the lack of menstruation?

Kad Menopause ”should be questioned in every woman who is not menstrual, regardless of age. Women can be menopausal before the age of 40 and even before the age of 20. Family history is very important. Some genetic diseases, smoking, chronic diseases, drugs, chemo / radiotherapy can also cause early menopause. In particular, women who want children should go to the doctor without delay in every menstrual irregularity.

In life-threatening conditions such as anorexia and bulumia, which are more common in young people; severe depression and sleep disorders are also menstrual disorders.

Although testicularfeminization is genetically male, it causes female appearance due to androgen (male hormone) insensitivity, and these people never menstruate.

Turner Syndrome is a genetic disease that rarely causes menopause at a young age, making vague visual findings such as short stature, flexible arms and nape hair line down due to a missing chromosome.

Birth control pills, 3-month protection needles, the use of hormonal spiral, curettage after the uterus can not heal (Asherman's Syndrome) may also be menstrual. These are transient and menstrual therapy can return to normal.

As a result, non-menstruation is a condition that requires a doctor's examination and every woman presenting to a doctor with menstruation should be diagnosed and treated with a multidisciplinary approach.



Irregular, excessive quantity or time

In case of irregular period, excessive amount or period; hormone disorders, especially ovulation (anovulaion), fibroids, polyps, hyperplasia, cancer, infection, ectopic pregnancy, drug use, thyroid gland diseases, adenomyosis should be investigated.

If there are irregular menstrual bleeding for diagnosis, it may be necessary to take parts through the uterus (endometrial biopsy, pipelle biopsy) or hysteroscopy if necessary.

Appropriate treatment is determined according to the diagnosis. Accordingly, sometimes treatment; a few months of drug use, sometimes surgery.

What is the normal quantity?

The units should last 2 to 8 days as standard, on average; 3 pad is bleeding. However, in spiral users, bleeding time can be 10 days and daily bleeding can be 4 pads.

If menstruation is too much, dirty blood is lost and the belief is not lost. It is a hemorrhage caused by the opening of the vestibules between the muscle tissue that causes the loss of the intrauterine membrane. In this case, excessive bleeding can cause the woman to experience many problems, especially anemia.

If a woman takes pain medication in consultation with her doctor during menstruation, bleeding may decrease.

Although excessive menstruation is sometimes a non-pathological condition, it can be recognized by a simple gynecological examination, especially when it starts later, indicating a pathology such as om fibroids, polyps, hyperplasia, infection, cancer,… ”.

Blood clotting diseases and blood thinners (such as aspirin, heparin) can also increase bleeding and may also cause bleeding in the interim period of the menstrual cycle.



Does menstrual irregularity make it difficult to get pregnant?

Since menstrual irregularity may be an indicator of ovulation disorder, it is normal for women with this problem to have difficulties in getting pregnant. A woman with menstrual irregularities should consult a doctor, especially if she wants to have children.

Once the cause of the irregularity has been identified, treatment for this reason is necessary. Sometimes pregnancy can be achieved with very simple treatments, but in some cases it may be necessary to apply in vitro fertilization techniques called advanced reproductive techniques.



What does our body need to have regular menstruation?

Many organs work together to see menstruation in the female body.

The hypothalamus region, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, uterus, vagina and vulva in female external genital area are intact and menstrual in our brain.

If any of them has a malfunction, or if there is disease, stress, hunger, excessive sports in the body, or if the body gives an emergency signal, the menstrual order may be impaired.



Why should a woman go to a doctor in case of menstrual irregularity or discontinuation?

When a woman who does not have menstruation goes to a doctor; the doctor first takes a detailed history about the patient, family history and then breast development, body development, body mass index (BMI), ultrasound examinations of the genital organs, genital organ examination and if there is a suspected hormonal disorder hormone profile (FSH, LH, TSH, Estradiol (TSH) and biochemical values.

External genital organ examination is necessary to see the development of secondary sex characters, to evaluate vaginal patency and to diagnose congenital genital organ development disorders and deviations. Sometimes a very simple hymen closure (hymen imperferatus) may be the reason for not having menstruation and can be easily removed by a simple surgical intervention.

Amenorrhea, which develops in a menstrual woman, is sought for hormonal disorders as well as anovulation. Polycysticover syndrome (PCO) may be one of the most common diseases.

A young girl or woman who is not menstruating should consult a physician for a thorough examination of all these underlying congenital and subsequent causes.


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How can women with menstrual disorders become pregnant?

Menstrual irregularity is a problem experienced by many women. What is the menstrual irregularity and why, I have a menstrual irregularity, I wonder if I can get pregnant, you can find answers to questions in our article.

What is menstrual irregularity?
Menstrual intervals are normally between 21 and 35 days. Every woman has her own cycle, which usually continues periodically with several days of play. In women, menstrual irregularity is defined as having a menstrual interval less than 21 days or longer than 35 days.

Lack of menstruation is called “amenorrhea.. There is usually a hormonal genetic problem in women who we call primary amenorrhea who have no menstruation. In other words, the interruption of this hormonal cycle from the brain to the ovaries and from the ovaries to the uterus prevents women from menstruating anywhere. Therefore, amenorrhea occurs at every point where this hormonal cycle is interrupted.

What are the causes of menstrual irregularity?
There are many reasons for menstrual irregularity. Of these reasons, the first thing that should come to mind and the most common reason is the problems related to the environmental factors and physiological status of women. There may be menstrual irregularities due to seasonal changes such as stress, anxiety, and air changes, as well as menstrual irregularities due to hormonal problems. Hyperprolactinemia leading to ovulation problems, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure and perimenopause cause hormonal menstrual irregularity. However, pregnancy, weight loss, eating disorders, intense exercise, intense stress, systemic diseases can also cause menstrual irregularity.

How are menstrual irregularities detected?
If the menstruation is earlier or later than the specified cycle, this irregularity can be seen in different ways. If a woman has menstruation every 15-20 days, she is in the menstrual cycle more often than 35 days, that is, if she sees once every 2-3 months.

However, women may be worried if their menstruation is too small, but this may not always be pathological. For example, a decrease in menstruation can be observed in women taking birth control pills and similar drugs. In case of excessive bleeding, disorders that may occur in the body's mechanisms of stopping bleeding and blood clotting are suspected. However, it is useful to share any changes with the obstetrician.

In case of prolonged bleeding during the menstrual period or if spotting is seen between the two bleeding, the physician must also be informed. This problem must be taken seriously and should be consulted as soon as possible. Hormonal changes, ovarian cysts, polyps that may occur in the cervix or cervix, endometrial hyperplasia, fibroids, which are one of the most common problems faced by women, and rarely cervical cancers are counted under the menstrual irregularity problem.

The important thing is to determine why menstrual irregularity arises. In such cases, in general, in order to have data, the patient is evaluated spontaneously by means of blood tests performed on the third day of a menstrual period and by the measurement of the hormones affecting ovulation functions. In addition to hormones that affect ovulation, menstrual irregularity is also seen in cases where the hormone secreted from the thyroid gland is more or less, or if the prolactin hormone, which we call milk hormone secreted from the pituitary gland, is secreted more or less.

Therefore, the patient is evaluated within a broad framework. If necessary, tests of these hormones in the blood should be examined and the main cause should be elucidated by detailed gynecological examination.

How is menstrual irregularity treated?
Especially age groups are very important. The main reason for menstrual irregularity is ovulation deficiency in adolescent girls or menopausal women who have reached the end of menstrual period. In such patients, the regulation of ovulation is the treatment to regulate menstrual irregularity.
In addition, in other periods of normal menstrual period and then deteriorated or irregular periods again, spawning problems and hormonal problems may lead to menstrual irregularities and may need to be treated.

Polyps in the uterus, fibroids, that can cause irregular bleeding and physical factors can cause menstrual irregularity. And they can be treated surgically or medically.

Menstrual Irregularity and Pregnancy
One of the most frequently asked questions of women experiencing menstrual irregularities is mı Is it possible to have irregular menstruation and become pregnant? ”. This situation may be the cause of infertility, menstrual irregularities and may also become pregnant.

Is Menstrual Irregularity a Cause of Infertility?
Menstrual irregularities can lead to infertility. For a healthy pregnancy, as the egg grows, the secreted estrogen hormone and the uterus must thicken synchronously. In a short-term menstruation, ovulation is early, which means that the egg grows very quickly. With the hormone secreted by the egg, the ovary cannot recover itself yet, and ovulation occurs and when fertilization occurs and the embryo falls into the uterus, the uterus is not ready for pregnancy, which can be a cause of infertility.

If we think that the egg grows slowly in a woman who has long periods of menstruation and is not followed by a doctor in particular, the inability to determine the day of ovulation by couples today's disruption and lack of regular relationship can also lead to infertility.

Do You Stay Pregnant With Menstrual Irregularity?
In the case of what we call primary amenorrhea, hypotramic hormones secreted from the brain to the ovaries are missing. Reinforcing these hormones allows women to regain their ovaries to function, allowing menstruation and pregnancy to occur.

However, in our patients with TURNEL syndrome, where the response of the ovaries is negative, that these ovaries do not work despite the presence of these hormones, and whether the ovaries with early menopause or genetic syndrome develop and become active, it will not be possible to obtain pregnancy by running ovaries.

When to Pregnancy Test with Menstrual Irregularity?
What are the symptoms of pregnancy in irregular menstruation and how to understand pregnancy in menstrual irregularity? Although menstrual delay is a sign of pregnancy, it is not a reliable symptom in women experiencing menstrual irregularity. Pregnancy symptoms in women experiencing menstrual irregularities are almost the same as other women. It is recommended that you have a test, especially if you have not had a menstrual period after 14 days have passed.


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