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Who is a podologist and what does he do?

Which foot-related problems should apply to a podologist?

1) Who is a podologist and what does he do?

The podiatrist (Podiatrist - Podolog) makes a diagnosis and diagnosis of all foot and foot related diseases (heel spurs, hallux valgus, flat insoles, diabetic foot problems, etc.); makes individual orthopedic insoles or finger orthoses (orthoplasty) suitable for these pathologies.

2) WHICH FOOT RELATIVES WILL APPLY TO A PODOLOGY?

Depending on the job, age and general health conditions of the people, problems related to foot and foot are encountered with different pathologies in different age groups.

The most common foot and foot disorders seen by podologists are:

- Ankle Pain

- Knee Pain and Knee - Axle disorders (varum, valgum)

- Heel spurs

- Callus (hyperkeratosis)

- Wart (Verru plantar)

- Floor Crash

- Flat Base (pes planus)

- Pit Floor (pes cavus)

- Ingrown Toenail

- Leg Shortness

- Hallux Valgus (Inward MTP joint 1)

- Hallux Varus (rotation of the 1st MTP joint)

- Hallux Rigitus (ankylosis of 1st MTP joint)

- Congenital Anomalies

- Walking and Compression Problems in Children

- Sever Disease (Osteochondrosis in children)

- Polyarthritis Rheumatoid

- Morton Disease (plantar noroma)

- Amputated Foot (Cutting a part of the foot)

- Sport related diseases (Noble rupture - ruptur aschilenne, Tendonitis)

3) WHAT ARE THE FIRST SYMPTOMS OF FOOT RELATIVELY IN CHILDREN, HOW (EARLY DIAGNOSIS?)

- Falling in the feet,

- excessive wear of the shoes used inside or out in a short time,

- rapid fatigue and pain in walking,

- flattening of the foot arch.

4) WHICH AGE GROUP PATIENTS GO TO THE PODOLOGIES?

- Children 5 to 6 years old,

- athletes of all ages,

- people with diabetes,

- long-standing adults.

5) WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS AND EFFECTS OF ORTHOPEDIC SOLES?

The insoles, which are made considering the pathology, age and activities of the person, act on the static disorders of the foot and bring the foot to the appropriate position where it should be.

It should be individual and pathological (heel spur soles) with shock absorber and shock absorber materials, while children's pes planus soles (flat soles) are made using harder materials to provide a permanent correction.

Insoles are also used in the treatment of knee, hip and low back pain by affecting the skeletal and muscular system.

The insoles should be unique to the person and the pathology, as well as the lifestyle of the person and the work and sporting activities.

6) CAN FOOT SOLE BE USED IN PEOPLE WITH NO PROBLEMS?

Delays joint wear in athletes, extends professional sports life, improves balance and performance.

It distributes pressure points in adults in a balanced and homogeneous way, accelerating blood circulation and giving comfort.


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Why should individual orthopedic insoles be used?

Although simple for us, humans are the only creatures on earth that can stand up and walk on two legs. Of course, our feet play a big role in us being the only living thing that can.

It is our limb that we do not pay attention to because our feet are ordinary in daily life, but they make every step comfortable with their excellent carrier and shock absorber function, they are in contact with the ground and work with a delicate balance. However, it has a wonderful neural network that transmits the information it receives from the ground that is vital for us to our brain.

The human foot constitutes 25% of the bones in our body, with 33 joints and more than 100 soft tissue elements working together in both structural and functional terms; ligaments, tendons and muscles.

In researches, it is found that a person takes an average of 5000 to 10,000 steps per day. With this activity, ankle has a high risk of injury between 15% and 25% of all injuries in our body. In addition, individuals with structural deformities / imbalances have a much higher tendency to injury and severity of injury than healthy individuals.

The feet, which have very important functions for our body and have a complex structure, are actually very robust. However, the feet punishable by wear and overload may become dysfunctional and painful if not used in accordance with the design / task.

What are common foot problems,
Forefoot Problems:

Finger deformities (Hallux valgus = Inverted thumb, Hallux varus = Thumb outward, Hammer finger, etc.)
corns
Neuromas (nerve impingement)
Stress fractures (Fatigue fractures)
Metatarsalgia (Multifactorial pain in the comb bones) - Sesamoiditis (Small bone pain)
Rear Foot Problems:

Heel problems (Plantar Fasit = Heel Spur, Bursitis)
Tarsal tunnel syndrome (entrapment of nerve adjacent to the talus bone)
Achilles Tendonitis
Soles Problems:

Foot arch problems (Pes planus = Flat insoles, Pes cavus = Claw foot)
Diabetic Foot
Rheumatologic Problems-
Gout
Other Problems:

Increased Pronation
Increased Supination
Joint Stenosis and Roma Restrictions
Hard Heel or Toe Press habit
Ankle Chronic Insitability
Joint Arrangement Problems
Traumatic Injuries
tendonitis in
Surgery, physiotherapy and rehabilitation therapies, drug treatments, special apparatus suitable for the sole of the foot, exercise, awareness trainings and correct shoe selection are some of the effective treatment approaches for these problems. However, in addition to treatment, it is necessary to go down to the root of the existing problem and to correct the disorders that cause these problems.

Therefore, corrective and protective insoles should be used by eliminating the negative effect of shoes that do not come out of our feet in our daily life.

It will be a good first step to solve the problem if people who have these problems or those who are anxious to live have to learn their own foot types by having their feet analyzed.

In this way, the person is informed about the risks of the foot type as well as the foot type by the professionals of the subject. In the next step, the identified problems and individual solutions should be produced.

The main features that make Footbalance different from other insoles are;

Improved special practical analysis / measurement (10 ’),
Fast production of personalized insoles (10 ’),
High level of comfort,
Economic accessibility,
Effective problem solving ability,
Durable high quality material,
This is because it can be used easily in many different shoes.
Physiotherapist Osman Oğuz Konakcı

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Causes Gait Disorder? Treatment methods of walking and foot problems

Posterior disorders can also affect the spine region in parallel, so posture disorders may also occur in people experiencing this condition. If the treatment is delayed, it causes walking disorder which is dangerous for the health of the body. Here are methods of treating the problem of walking and stepping ...

Gait disorder is defined as the inability of people to perform gait properly and in harmony with each other. The problem of stepping can be genetically genetically occurring, as well as not using the right shoes, or in the case of incorrect pressing patterns during gait. When faced with gait disturbance, this disorder may be accompanied by low back and back pain, and may cause other complaints, such as knee or hip pain. In general, it is not an important cause, but if there is any delay in its treatment, it causes walking disorder which can cause irreversible complications? Here are the methods of treatment of walking and foot problems that may occur due to injuries, physiological factors (ear, neurological or thyroid diseases).


WHAT IS WALKING DISORDERS (FOOT PRESSURE PROBLEM)?
Footstep disorders are when a child steps in or out while walking. Generally, ingestion is not a serious cause, but conditions such as cerebral and nervous system diseases, cerebral palsy, hip dislocation, toe bones, inward bone disease, or inability of the tibia can also cause inward compression. Outward stepping is the state of walking by throwing its feet sideways while walking. Normally, the feet make an angle of about 15 degrees to the outside in the direction of walking.


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Being flat-bottomed hurts 4 parts of the body!

People with flatfoot problems in their feet suffer from daily movements and their bodies wear out because of this problem. In flatfoot, the person's feet, knees, hips and lower back area of the lower part of the pain occurs.

International Hospital Orthopedics and Traumatology Specialist Assoc. Dr. Sezgin Sarban said, aşırı Excessive edema occurs in tendons, inflammations such as tendinitis, bursitis and even tears can be seen. The problem here is not just a flat foot. The problem is experienced as the foot cannot do the up and down flexing movement due to insufficient ligament support. Therefore, firstly, you need to be treated with special insoles. In cases of permanent pain, surgical treatment is applied. ”

In human normal anatomical structure, the feet and knees are arranged at a certain angle. Assoc. Dr. Sezgin Sarban says:

“Normally one's knees are not like a line on a straight line. The knees are located between the legs and thigh bones, and there is a 5-7 degree outward angle between these two bones. In the same way, there is a natural groove on the soles of the feet which allows for comfortable walking. With this diminution or loss of flatness, flatfoot emerges. Flatfoot distorts the angle of the knees, causing tendinitis and calcification. After the knees, hip and lower back of the knee dysfunction, the overall posture of the body is impaired. So it should be taken seriously. ”

If he's born ...

Problems with feet, knees and hips are seen at a higher rate in people with congenital severe flatfoot problems. Calcification occurs due to muscle imbalance. Flatfoot, under the soles of the feet, between the middle and forefoots that connect the bones to a large number of bonds and there should be a certain angle Assoc. Dr. Sezgin Sarban says:
Açı This angle decreases in people with insoles. If you look at a normal foot from the back, you can only see the pinky finger, when you look at a foot with flatfoot from behind, the foot sticks to the ground, so 3-4 and 5th fingers are seen. In this case we call excessive pronation between the two bones in the hind foot (sinus tarsi) decreases. In people with flatfoot, the foot loses normal mobility because of the reduced cavity of the foot and gains abnormal movement, such as excessive pronation. ”

Operation option

Flatfoot problem in people with various techniques that applied to the surgical operation Assoc. Dr. Sezgin Sarban lists these techniques as follows:
- There is a surgical technique that reduces all abnormal movement in the hind limb to prevent all symptoms. In this surgery, which we call “artroeresis mümkün, it is possible to place an implant in the normal cavity in the hind foot. This operation can also be considered as an insole placed internally on the foot.
- If hastalık tibialis posterior tendon failure ”develops in further painful disease, tendon transfers and posterior footbone shift or outer colon extension surgery can be performed.
- If there is a patient who has lost foot mobility, calcified and painful, in the case of hard flatfoot, the last option may be to freeze the middle-hind foot to obtain a flat foot. After surgery, we recommend rubber-based shock-absorbing shoes to patients.


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Exercises for flatfoot and foot pain

What is Flat Insoles? Flatfoot is a foot deformity characterized by the loss of the inner long curvature of the foot, which should normally be, and the heel shifting outwards. When flatfoot is often mentioned, the child's foot comes to mind, but flatfoot is not just an innate condition.

In adults, flatfoot is not only congenital. It may also develop as a result of rheumatic disease, overweight and / or excessive inappropriate shoes. Pain occurs in the form of foot and deformed shoe.

Flatfoot in children; If there is a visible deformity in the foot of a child who does not walk, if the heel slides excessively outward and there is no improvement in flatfoot after 5-6 years, an orthopedist experienced in foot should be consulted.

Those who complain of foot pain can be relaxing after a tired day or after a long walk to make some special moves to rest their feet. Side effects of factors causing foot pain such as excessive gait, standing in the same position, sitting for long periods with knees excessively, choosing wrong shoes can be reduced by measures to be taken or completely eliminated. Changing long-term walking pace is a good precaution against foot pain. Because when the walking tempo changes, the load on the muscles participating in the walking will change. Standing in the same position is very common in various professional groups. It is possible for these occupational groups to alleviate foot pain by wearing more abundant shoes and occasionally shifting weight from one foot to another. During the long journey, the knees break and the pressure of the seat to the calf muscles and veins under the leg causes the foot to swell and cause pain. In this case, it is more appropriate for people to travel with sandals. It would be useful to get up and change positions from time to time or take short walks during breaks. If it is a journey with shoes, it will be useful to carry a shoe cover and to wear this shoe cover after removing the shoe. False cut of the toenails is the factor that causes nail ingrown. We should remember that toenails should be cut straight.

The wrong choice of shoes or use of poor quality shoes is also an important condition causing foot pain and collapse of the soles. We should not forget that high-quality shoes that can support the foot is very important for our health. Persons who wish to exercise to rest their feet should first sit on a chair and extend their foot forward. With the ankle, draw circles that expand gradually clockwise and then counterclockwise. Then throw something on the floor and try to lift it between your toes and your soles. For example, you can use a handkerchief. Then throw a rough bottle on the floor and roll it on the floor with the sole of your foot just as if rolling a dough. This is both relaxing and invigorating gymnastics. This exercise is also a recommended form of exercise for the treatment of floor collapse.

Exercises to be done by those who have a floor collapse (Pes planus).

1- To take an object on the ground with your toes, hold for a few seconds and then leave.

2- Tearing and shredding a piece of paper with toes

3- Walking on soil and sand on soft ground.

4- Walking exercise on the same floor at the fingertips, heels, inside and outside of the foot.

5- Achilles tendon stretching exercises should be performed when the Achilles tendon is stretched in the supine position 10-12 pieces.

6- Roll a small glass bottle back and forth under your foot.

7- Actively pull the ankle towards you and push it forward (as if pressing a pedaa).

8- Repeat the same movement against the resistance (as an obstacle with your hand).

9-Pulling our foot towards you while actively pushing the foot inward. (Dorsiflexion and adduction +)

10- Draw circles that expand in both directions with the ankle (with the fingers bent) respectively.

As a result, these exercises can strengthen the ligaments of the soles of the feet and cause a decrease in flatfoot. However, these exercises should be performed with the recommendation of the doctor and sports training specialist.


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Flat Insoles and Compression

What is Flat Insoles?
The anatomical structure of the foot makes it possible to perform the horizontal spring movement, which is a special task. This structure, called the curvature on the inner side of the foot, is one of the most important structures in achieving horizontal springing. There are various muscles that support this structure. However, the most important of these is the tibialis posterior muscle and tendon. As a result of this muscle not working for various reasons, a table known as flat foot is formed. In Latin, flat insoles are called pes planus. People with this problem are called the flat base among the public.

What are the reasons for flat bottom formation?
The familial failure of this muscle, rupture of this muscle in rheumatic diseases, deterioration of the quality of this muscle in diabetic patients, the continuous use of flat shoes and the overweight of this muscle are among the most common known reasons.

What are the symptoms of flat insoles?
Typical symptoms include collapse of the internal arch, reduced walking distance, early fatigue, leg and knee pain, and difficulty during sports with the development of the disease in both children and adults.

One of the common problems in patients is the development of compression in order to contribute to the spring when the normal spring breaks down. Typically, the heel makes an outward recumbent motion while the central portion of the foot is inward. Therefore, especially knee and low back pain is triggered, and finger deformities are observed in the anterior part of the foot.

The first option in the treatment of flat soles in children and adults is to control the complaints with an insoles. The point to note is that the insoles work like glasses in the treatment of flat insoles. As long as the insoles are used, the foot behaves as if it has a curved structure and thus the complaints disappear. However, it should be known that developed deformity will not improve. It is recommended that patients choose the ones that are specially prepared for their insoles.

Flat Base Surgery
In spite of the use of insoles, correction of the structure can be performed surgically in case of progression of the disorder or complaints increase. Depending on the patient's age, weight, stage of the disease and the presence of any other concomitant health problem, the operation is decided. After the surgical treatment to be performed, the duration of the gypsum is determined by the need and duration of physical therapy planning and the use of special shoes. Usually there will be a recovery period of 6 months after surgery.

Flat insoles in children
When flat-footed children are observed, it is necessary to distinguish very carefully a table at this point. In this table, which is called flexible flat-footed, a very good curve is observed while the child is standing in the air, while stepping on the ground and disappearing of the curve are very typical. In this table, it will be observed that the soles used with a large majority will not require surgical treatment and the complaints disappear. It is important to note that this table is not a progressive table.

Another condition seen in children in the early period is the appearance of temporary flat insoles, which is the result of slow development of muscle. The most important differential diagnosis in this type of Flat Insoles patients is the improvement of flat insoles and compression in children with age. In this table, the use of insoles only occurs in patients with pain and running problems until the table is arranged.


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What is flatfoot and what are wrong

Flatfoot reads what is wrong and what we know are true experts in the field of Orthopedics and Traumatology Department Open our questions.

CORRECT KNOWN FAILS ABOUT Flatfoot

Flatfoot is one of the most common orthopedic problems in children; most of the time the foot is under load, that is, the foot on the floor should not be visible on the inside of the soles of the foot, the back of the heel to stand outward and the sole is completely in contact with the ground manifests itself. There are basically two types of flatfoot, one of the main problems that parents see and worry about in their children. ‘Hard flatfoot en, which requires surgical intervention and can cause permanent injuries if left untreated, is not very common in society. Flexible flatfoot, which is common in children, usually does not cause a health problem. Parents are advised not to worry at the first 5 years of age, where foot development is faster. However, a specialist should be consulted for the diagnosis of hard or flexible flatfoot. Memorial Sisli Hospital Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Op. Dr. Feridun Yumrukçal gave information about the known mistakes in flatfoot.

Hard flatfoot can cause permanent disability

Hard flatfoot; manifests itself at birth and leads to the formation of the image called the kayak foot. Most of the time, it is caused by the disorder of the posture of one of the ankle bones and may cause other disorders. Exact diagnosis can be made during the examination. Although some stretching exercises and castings are applied in the newborn period; surgical treatment is usually performed at 6-12 months. Hard flatfoot may cause permanent disability if left untreated. When it is noticed that appropriate treatment should be done immediately. The sooner a hard flatfoot is recognized and the sooner it is started, the higher the chances of getting good results from the treatment. Flexible flatfoot, which is more common in society, is often not a problem that needs to be intervened, but it is still necessary to consult a specialist to distinguish between flexible and hard flatfoot.

Every baby appears flatfoot until the foot development process is complete

The most common flatfoot is flexible flatfoot. When the person is standing, the soles of the feet collapse, but they do not step on the normal appearance. All babies are seen as flatfoot when they are born. Therefore, flatfoot should not be feared at a very young age. However, after a certain age, especially if there is a family history, the probability of flexible flatfooting increases. The incidence in the community is around 20-25 percent in adults.

Not orthopedic boots, insoles and exercise therapy

It is not possible to correct with flexible flatfoot treatment. If the flexible flatfoot is not too severe, it can spontaneously recover as the foot development is completed. Traditionally, treatment insoles, orthopedic boots and exercises were traditionally recommended. However, scientific research; The flexible flatness of the insoles, boots and exercises used shows no corrective effect. Insoles, orthopedic boots, exercises can only be used to prevent secondary problems such as pain and easy fatigue caused by flexible flatfoot. In addition, the severity of flexible flatfoot can vary. In severe cases, a protrusion may be seen on the inside of the foot. This area can hit shoes, calluses may be. To prevent these, insoles or orthopedic boots can be used. When the child is diagnosed with flexible flatfoot, it is often sufficient to follow up until the age of 7-8 without any intervention.

Surgical treatment may be required in advanced flexible flatfoot

Flexible flatfoot may be more severe in children with complaints of pain and excessive fatigue. In such problems, it is necessary to use insoles. Although flexible flatfoot often does not require surgical treatment, surgery may be required in advanced patients. In this treatment, besides some soft tissue surgeries, bone surgeries can be performed. These can be by lengthening and reshaping the bones, or in some cases by freezing the joints in the foot and shaping the foot. As a result of this treatment, daily life can be continued without pain.



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